Rice BRITTLE CULM 5 (BRITTLE NODE) is Involved in Secondary Cell Wall Formation in the Sclerenchyma Tissue of Nodes

Overview

Journal Plant Cell Physiol

Publisher Oxford University Press

Specialties Biology
Cell Biology

Date 2009 Oct 9

PMID 19812064

Citations 27

Authors

Tsutomu Aohara

Toshihisa Kotake

Yasuko Kaneko

Hiroshi Takatsuji

Yoichi Tsumuraya

Shinji Kawasaki

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Several brittle culm (bc) mutants known in grasses are considered excellent materials to study the process of secondary cell wall formation. The brittle phenotype of the rice bc5 (brittle node) mutant appears exclusively in the developed nodes, which is distinct from other bc mutants (bc1, 2, 3, 4, 6 and 7) that show the brittle phenotype in culms and leaves. To address the defects of the rice bc5 mutant in node-specific cell wall formation, we analyzed tissue morphology and cell wall composition. The bc5 mutation was found to affect the cell wall deposition of node sclerenchyma tissues at 1 week after heading, the stage at which the cell wall sugar content is reduced, in the bc5 nodes, compared with wild-type nodes. Moreover, decreased accumulation of lignin and thickness of cell walls in the sclerenchyma tissues were also observed in the bc5 nodes. The amounts of cellulose and hemicellulose were reduced to 53 and 65% of those in the wild-type plants, respectively. Sugar composition and glycosidic linkage analyses of the hemicellulose showed that the accumulation of glucuronosyl arabinoxylan in bc5 nodes was perturbed by the mutation. The bc5 locus was narrowed to an approximately 3.1 Mb region of chromosome 2, where none of the other bc genes is located. The bc5 mutation appeared to reduce the expression levels of the OsCesA genes in the nodes after heading. The results indicate that the BC5 gene regulates the development of secondary cell walls of node sclerenchyma tissues.

Citing Articles

Characterization of Cell Wall Compositions of Sodium Azide-Induced Brittle Mutant Lines in IR64 Variety and Its Potential Application.

Sawasdee A, Tsai T, Chang Y, Shrestha J, Lin M, Chiang H Plants (Basel). 2024; 13(23).

PMID: 39683096 PMC: 11644806. DOI: 10.3390/plants13233303.

Identification of Gene Variation Involved in Regulating Maize Brittleness.

Xu W, Zhao Y, Liu Q, Diao Y, Wang Q, Yu J Genes (Basel). 2023; 14(6).

PMID: 37372306 PMC: 10298650. DOI: 10.3390/genes14061126.

, encoding a cellulose synthase subunit 5, is required for cell wall biosynthesis in barley ( L.).

Guo B, Huang X, Qi J, Sun H, Lv C, Wang F Front Plant Sci. 2022; 13:989406.

PMID: 36507388 PMC: 9726912. DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.989406.

Amino Acids Supplied through the Autophagy/Endocytosis Pathway Promote Starch Synthesis in Protonemal Cells.

Sakil M, Mukae K, Funada R, Kotake T, Ueno S, Aktar M Plants (Basel). 2022; 11(16).

PMID: 36015461 PMC: 9412964. DOI: 10.3390/plants11162157.

Identification and Fine Mapping of the Recessive Gene , Which Affects Cell Wall Biosynthesis and Plant Brittleness in Maize.

Li Q, Nie S, Li G, Du J, Ren R, Yang X Int J Mol Sci. 2022; 23(2).

PMID: 35055000 PMC: 8775815. DOI: 10.3390/ijms23020814.

References

Mitsuda N, Iwase A, Yamamoto H, Yoshida M, Seki M, Shinozaki K . NAC transcription factors, NST1 and NST3, are key regulators of the formation of secondary walls in woody tissues of Arabidopsis. Plant Cell. 2007; 19(1):270-80. PMC: 1820955. DOI: 10.1105/tpc.106.047043. View

Srebotnik E, Messner K . A simple method that uses differential staining and light microscopy to assess the selectivity of wood delignification by white rot fungi. Appl Environ Microbiol. 1994; 60(4):1383-6. PMC: 201488. DOI: 10.1128/aem.60.4.1383-1386.1994. View

Lee C, ONeill M, Tsumuraya Y, Darvill A, Ye Z . The irregular xylem9 mutant is deficient in xylan xylosyltransferase activity. Plant Cell Physiol. 2007; 48(11):1624-34. DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcm135. View

Zhong R, Richardson E, Ye Z . The MYB46 transcription factor is a direct target of SND1 and regulates secondary wall biosynthesis in Arabidopsis. Plant Cell. 2007; 19(9):2776-92. PMC: 2048704. DOI: 10.1105/tpc.107.053678. View

Harris P, Henry R, Blakeney A, Stone B . An improved procedure for the methylation analysis of oligosaccharides and polysaccharides. Carbohydr Res. 1984; 127(1):59-73. DOI: 10.1016/0008-6215(84)85106-x. View

Roudier F, Fernandez A, Fujita M, Himmelspach R, Borner G, Schindelman G . COBRA, an Arabidopsis extracellular glycosyl-phosphatidyl inositol-anchored protein, specifically controls highly anisotropic expansion through its involvement in cellulose microfibril orientation. Plant Cell. 2005; 17(6):1749-63. PMC: 1143074. DOI: 10.1105/tpc.105.031732. View

Mitsuda N, Seki M, Shinozaki K, Ohme-Takagi M . The NAC transcription factors NST1 and NST2 of Arabidopsis regulate secondary wall thickenings and are required for anther dehiscence. Plant Cell. 2005; 17(11):2993-3006. PMC: 1276025. DOI: 10.1105/tpc.105.036004. View

Zhong R, Richardson E, Ye Z . Two NAC domain transcription factors, SND1 and NST1, function redundantly in regulation of secondary wall synthesis in fibers of Arabidopsis. Planta. 2007; 225(6):1603-11. DOI: 10.1007/s00425-007-0498-y. View

Li Y, Qian Q, Zhou Y, Yan M, Sun L, Zhang M . BRITTLE CULM1, which encodes a COBRA-like protein, affects the mechanical properties of rice plants. Plant Cell. 2003; 15(9):2020-31. PMC: 181328. DOI: 10.1105/tpc.011775. View

10.

Carpita N . STRUCTURE AND BIOGENESIS OF THE CELL WALLS OF GRASSES. Annu Rev Plant Physiol Plant Mol Biol. 1996; 47:445-476. DOI: 10.1146/annurev.arplant.47.1.445. View

11.

Taylor N, Howells R, Huttly A, Vickers K, Turner S . Interactions among three distinct CesA proteins essential for cellulose synthesis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2003; 100(3):1450-5. PMC: 298793. DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0337628100. View

12.

Gibeaut D, Carpita N . Biosynthesis of plant cell wall polysaccharides. FASEB J. 1994; 8(12):904-15. DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.8.12.8088456. View

13.

Zhong R, Demura T, Ye Z . SND1, a NAC domain transcription factor, is a key regulator of secondary wall synthesis in fibers of Arabidopsis. Plant Cell. 2006; 18(11):3158-70. PMC: 1693950. DOI: 10.1105/tpc.106.047399. View

14.

Bourne Y, Henrissat B . Glycoside hydrolases and glycosyltransferases: families and functional modules. Curr Opin Struct Biol. 2002; 11(5):593-600. DOI: 10.1016/s0959-440x(00)00253-0. View

15.

Kokubo A, Sakurai N, Kuraishi S, Takeda K . Culm Brittleness of Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) Mutants Is Caused by Smaller Number of Cellulose Molecules in Cell Wall. Plant Physiol. 1991; 97(2):509-14. PMC: 1081036. DOI: 10.1104/pp.97.2.509. View

16.

Demura T, Tashiro G, Horiguchi G, Kishimoto N, Kubo M, Matsuoka N . Visualization by comprehensive microarray analysis of gene expression programs during transdifferentiation of mesophyll cells into xylem cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2002; 99(24):15794-9. PMC: 137795. DOI: 10.1073/pnas.232590499. View

17.

Stracke R, WERBER M, Weisshaar B . The R2R3-MYB gene family in Arabidopsis thaliana. Curr Opin Plant Biol. 2001; 4(5):447-56. DOI: 10.1016/s1369-5266(00)00199-0. View

18.

Yamamoto K, Sasaki T . Large-scale EST sequencing in rice. Plant Mol Biol. 1997; 35(1-2):135-44. View

19.

Taylor N, Scheible W, Cutler S, Somerville C, Turner S . The irregular xylem3 locus of Arabidopsis encodes a cellulose synthase required for secondary cell wall synthesis. Plant Cell. 1999; 11(5):769-80. PMC: 144224. DOI: 10.1105/tpc.11.5.769. View

20.

Brown D, Goubet F, Wong V, Goodacre R, Stephens E, Dupree P . Comparison of five xylan synthesis mutants reveals new insight into the mechanisms of xylan synthesis. Plant J. 2007; 52(6):1154-68. DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-313X.2007.03307.x. View