Clinical States Model for Biomarkers in Bladder Cancer

Overview

Journal Future Oncol

Specialty Oncology

Date 2009 Oct 2

PMID 19792967

Citations 5

Authors

Andrea B Apolo

Matthew Milowsky

Dean F Bajorin

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Bladder cancer is a significant healthcare problem in the USA, with a high recurrence rate, the need for expensive continuous surveillance and limited treatment options for patients with advanced disease. Research has contributed to an understanding of the molecular pathways involved in the development and progression of bladder cancer, and that understanding has led to the discovery of potentially diagnostic, predictive and prognostic biomarkers. In this review, a clinical states model of bladder cancer is introduced and integrated into a paradigm for biomarker development. Biomarkers are systematically incorporated with predefined end points to aid in clinical management.

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