The Association Between Food Insecurity and Mortality Among HIV-infected Individuals on HAART

Overview

Journal J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr

Specialty Infectious Diseases

Date 2009 Aug 14

PMID 19675463

Citations 130

Authors

Sheri D Weiser

Kimberly A Fernandes

Eirikka K Brandson

Viviane D Lima

Aranka Anema

David R Bangsberg

Julio S Montaner

Robert S Hogg

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Background: Food insecurity is increasingly recognized as a barrier to optimal treatment outcomes, but there is little data on this issue. We assessed associations between food insecurity and mortality among HIV-infected antiretroviral therapy-treated individuals in Vancouver, British Columbia, and whether body max index (BMI) modified associations.

Methods: Individuals were recruited from the British Columbia HIV/AIDS drug treatment program in 1998 and 1999 and were followed until June 2007 for outcomes. Food insecurity was measured with the Radimer/Cornell questionnaire. Cox proportional hazard models were used to determine associations between food insecurity, BMI, and nonaccidental deaths when controlling for confounders.

Results: Among 1119 participants, 536 (48%) were categorized as food insecure and 160 (14%) were categorized as underweight (BMI < 18.5). After a median follow-up time of 8.2 years, 153 individuals (14%) had died from nonaccidental deaths. After controlling for adherence, CD4 counts, and socioeconomic variables, people who were food insecure and underweight were nearly 2 times more likely to die (adjusted hazard ratio = 1.94, 95% confidence interval = 1.10 to 3.40) compared with people who were not food insecure or underweight. There was also a trend toward increased risk of mortality among people who were food insecure and not underweight (adjusted hazard ratio = 1.40, 95% confidence interval = 0.91 to 2.05). In contrast, people who were underweight but food secure were not more likely to die.

Conclusions: Food insecurity is a risk factor for mortality among antiretroviral therapy-treated individuals in British Columbia, particularly among individuals who are underweight. Innovative approaches to address food insecurity should be incorporated into HIV treatment programs.

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