Epithelial Lacrimal Gland Tumors: Pathologic Classification and Current Understanding

Objective: To apply the updated epithelial salivary gland classification scheme to a large cohort of lacrimal gland tumors so as to provide an updated lacrimal gland tumor classification scheme.

Methods: A retrospective multicenter cohort study of 118 cases of epithelial neoplasia was undertaken. Main outcome measures included pathologic analysis, subtyping, and survival.

Results: Of 118 cases, 17 (14%) were reclassified using the proposed expanded classification scheme based on the current World Health Organization classification of salivary gland tumors. The most frequent neoplasms were pleomorphic adenoma and adenoid cystic carcinoma, of which we highlight more unusual histologic features. Three tumors were found to be unclassifiable with the updated scheme, with 2 having histologically malignant features. Deficiencies and variations in pathologic assessment were noted. Variation in the histologic findings of pleomorphic adenoma and assessment of the extent of invasion of carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma were highlighted.

Conclusions: The use of the more histologically diverse classification of salivary gland tumors can be successfully applied to the epithelial lacrimal gland neoplasms. This expanded classification system led to reclassifying 14% of cases. Currently, there are no consistent pathologic standards for processing and evaluating these lesions.