Nitrite and Nitric Oxide Treatment of Helix Pomatia Hemocyanin: Single and Double Oxidation of the Active Site

The reaction of nitrite and nitric oxide with Helix pomatia hemocyanin has been studied. One or both of the two copper ions in the active site can be oxidized, depending upon reaction conditions. The single oxidation of the oxygen binding site can be reversed by reduction with hydroxylamine, and the oxygen binding properties of the protein are simultaneously restored. The experiments, including electron paramagnetic resonance, indicate that nitric oxide is not a ligand of copper in the singly oxidized active site and that the oxidized copper ions is coupled to at least two nitrogen atoms of amino acid residues. The doubly oxidized protein can be reduced to a singly oxidized one with ascorbic acid or hydroxylamine; the latter reagent is again able to reduce the singly oxidized state and to restore the oxygen binding properties.