Foot Kinematics During a Bilateral Heel Rise Test in Participants with Stage II Posterior Tibial Tendon Dysfunction

Overview

Journal J Orthop Sports Phys Ther

Specialty Orthopedics

Date 2009 Aug 4

PMID 19648723

Citations 12

Authors

Jeff R Houck

Christopher Neville

Josh Tome

A Samuel Flemister

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Study Design: Experimental laboratory study using a cross-sectional design.

Objectives: To compare foot kinematics, using 3-dimensional tracking methods, during a bilateral heel rise between participants with posterior tibial tendon dysfunction (PTTD) and participants with a normal medial longitudinal arch (MLA).

Background: The bilateral heel rise test is commonly used to assess patients with PTTD; however, information about foot kinematics during the test is lacking.

Methods: Forty-five individuals volunteered to participate, including 30 patients diagnosed with unilateral stage II PTTD (mean +/- SD age, 59.8 +/- 11.1 years; body mass index, 29.9 +/- 4.8 kg/m2) and 15 controls (mean +/- SD age, 56.5 +/- 7.7 years; body mass index, 30.6 +/- 3.6 kg/m2). Foot kinematic data were collected during a bilateral heel rise task from the calcaneus (hindfoot), first metatarsal, and hallux, using an Optotrak motion analysis system and Motion Monitor software. A 2-way mixed-effects analysis of variance model, with normalized heel height as a covariate, was used to test for significant differences between the normal MLA and PTTD groups.

Results: The patients in the PTTD group exhibited significantly greater ankle plantar flexion (mean difference between groups, 7.3 degrees ; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 5.1 degrees to 9.5 degrees ), greater first metatarsal dorsiflexion (mean difference between groups, 9.0 degrees ; 95% CI: 3.7 degrees to 14.4 degrees ), and less hallux dorsiflexion (mean difference, 6.7 degrees ; 95% CI: 1.7 degrees to 11.8 degrees ) compared to controls. At peak heel rise, hindfoot inversion was similar (P = .130) between the PTTD and control groups.

Conclusion: Except for hindfoot eversion/inversion, the differences in foot kinematics in participants with stage II PTTD, when compared to the control group, mainly occur as an offset, not an alteration in shape, of the kinematic patterns.

Citing Articles

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Hwang U, Kwon O, Kim J, Gwak G Digit Health. 2024; 10:20552076241235116.

PMID: 38419804 PMC: 10901058. DOI: 10.1177/20552076241235116.

Characteristics and Future Direction of Tibialis Posterior Tendinopathy Research: A Scoping Review.

Rhim H, Dhawan R, Gureck A, Lieberman D, Nolan D, Elshafey R Medicina (Kaunas). 2022; 58(12).

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Midfoot and ankle movement coordination during heel rise is disrupted in people with diabetes and peripheral neuropathy.

Jeong H, Cha B, Zellers J, Chen L, Hastings M Clin Biomech (Bristol). 2022; 96:105662.

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Body mass index and maximum available midfoot motion are associated with midfoot angle at peak heel rise in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus and peripheral neuropathy.

Jeong H, Mueller M, Zellers J, Commean P, Chen L, Hastings M Foot (Edinb). 2022; 51:101912.

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Heel Rise and Non-Weight-Bearing Ankle Plantar Flexion Tasks to Assess Foot and Ankle Function in People With Diabetes Mellitus and Peripheral Neuropathy.

Jeong H, Mueller M, Zellers J, Yan Y, Hastings M Phys Ther. 2021; 101(7).

PMID: 33735386 PMC: 8280925. DOI: 10.1093/ptj/pzab096.

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