Downy Mildew Resistance in Arabidopsis by Mutation of HOMOSERINE KINASE

Overview

Journal Plant Cell

Publisher Oxford University Press

Specialties Biology
Cell Biology

Date 2009 Jul 23

PMID 19622802

Citations 48

Authors

Mireille van Damme

Tieme Zeilmaker

Joyce Elberse

Annemiek Andel

Monique de Sain-van der Velden

Guido Van den Ackerveken

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Plant disease resistance is commonly triggered by early pathogen recognition and activation of immunity. An alternative form of resistance is mediated by recessive downy mildew resistant 1 (dmr1) alleles in Arabidopsis thaliana. Map-based cloning revealed that DMR1 encodes homoserine kinase (HSK). Six independent dmr1 mutants each carry a different amino acid substitution in the HSK protein. Amino acid analysis revealed that dmr1 mutants contain high levels of homoserine that is undetectable in wild-type plants. Surprisingly, the level of amino acids downstream in the aspartate (Asp) pathway was not reduced in dmr1 mutants. Exogenous homoserine does not directly affect pathogen growth but induces resistance when infiltrated in Arabidopsis. We provide evidence that homoserine accumulation in the chloroplast triggers a novel form of downy mildew resistance that is independent of known immune responses.

Citing Articles

Identification and validation of a major QTL, QFhb-6AL, for Fusarium head blight resistance on chromosome 6AL in wheat.

Zhu Z, Zhu X, Zhang N, Wang W, Liu J, Zhang F Theor Appl Genet. 2025; 138(4):74.

PMID: 40089629 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-025-04864-5.

Metabolic Engineering of for the Production of l-Homoserine.

Sun Y, Wu J, Xu J, Yang L Chem Bio Eng. 2025; 1(3):223-230.

PMID: 39974203 PMC: 11835149. DOI: 10.1021/cbe.3c00077.

Metabolic engineering strategies for L-Homoserine production in Escherichia coli.

Jin X, Wang S, Wang Y, Qi Q, Liang Q Microb Cell Fact. 2024; 23(1):338.

PMID: 39702271 PMC: 11657104. DOI: 10.1186/s12934-024-02623-7.

Genome-wide characterization of 2OGD superfamily for mining of susceptibility factors responding to various biotic stresses in spp.

Chelliah A, Arumugam C, Punchakkara P, Suthanthiram B, Raman T, Subbaraya U Physiol Mol Biol Plants. 2023; 29(9):1319-1338.

PMID: 38024958 PMC: 10678914. DOI: 10.1007/s12298-023-01380-y.

Designed gRNAs for CRISPR-Cas9 based antifungal resistance in eggplant.

Prajapati A, Nain V, Singh D Bioinformation. 2023; 19(8):844-848.

PMID: 37908609 PMC: 10613811. DOI: 10.6026/97320630019844.

References

Theze J . Threonine locus of Escherichia coli K-12: genetic structure and evidence for an operon. J Bacteriol. 1974; 118(3):990-8. PMC: 246849. DOI: 10.1128/jb.118.3.990-998.1974. View

Emanuelsson O, Nielsen H, von Heijne G . ChloroP, a neural network-based method for predicting chloroplast transit peptides and their cleavage sites. Protein Sci. 1999; 8(5):978-84. PMC: 2144330. DOI: 10.1110/ps.8.5.978. View

Mannhaupt G, Pohlenz H, Seefluth A, Pilz U, Feldmann H . Yeast homoserine kinase. Characteristics of the corresponding gene, THR1, and the purified enzyme, and evolutionary relationships with other enzymes of threonine metabolism. Eur J Biochem. 1990; 191(1):115-22. DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1990.tb19100.x. View

Panstruga R . Serpentine plant MLO proteins as entry portals for powdery mildew fungi. Biochem Soc Trans. 2005; 33(Pt 2):389-92. DOI: 10.1042/BST0330389. View

Consonni C, Humphry M, Hartmann H, Livaja M, Durner J, Westphal L . Conserved requirement for a plant host cell protein in powdery mildew pathogenesis. Nat Genet. 2006; 38(6):716-20. DOI: 10.1038/ng1806. View

Hellens R, Edwards E, Leyland N, Bean S, Mullineaux P . pGreen: a versatile and flexible binary Ti vector for Agrobacterium-mediated plant transformation. Plant Mol Biol. 2000; 42(6):819-32. DOI: 10.1023/a:1006496308160. View

van Damme M, Huibers R, Elberse J, Van den Ackerveken G . Arabidopsis DMR6 encodes a putative 2OG-Fe(II) oxygenase that is defense-associated but required for susceptibility to downy mildew. Plant J. 2008; 54(5):785-93. DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-313X.2008.03427.x. View

Zhou T, Daugherty M, Grishin N, Osterman A, Zhang H . Structure and mechanism of homoserine kinase: prototype for the GHMP kinase superfamily. Structure. 2001; 8(12):1247-57. DOI: 10.1016/s0969-2126(00)00533-5. View

Lipka V, Dittgen J, Bednarek P, Bhat R, Wiermer M, Stein M . Pre- and postinvasion defenses both contribute to nonhost resistance in Arabidopsis. Science. 2005; 310(5751):1180-3. DOI: 10.1126/science.1119409. View

10.

OConnell R, Panstruga R . Tête à tête inside a plant cell: establishing compatibility between plants and biotrophic fungi and oomycetes. New Phytol. 2006; 171(4):699-718. DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2006.01829.x. View

11.

Lee M, Martin M, Hudson A, Lee J, Muhitch M, Leustek T . Methionine and threonine synthesis are limited by homoserine availability and not the activity of homoserine kinase in Arabidopsis thaliana. Plant J. 2005; 41(5):685-96. DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-313X.2004.02329.x. View

12.

Nishimura M, Stein M, Hou B, Vogel J, Edwards H, Somerville S . Loss of a callose synthase results in salicylic acid-dependent disease resistance. Science. 2003; 301(5635):969-72. DOI: 10.1126/science.1086716. View

13.

Clough S, Bent A . Floral dip: a simplified method for Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of Arabidopsis thaliana. Plant J. 1999; 16(6):735-43. DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-313x.1998.00343.x. View

14.

Baerenfaller K, Grossmann J, Grobei M, Hull R, Hirsch-Hoffmann M, Yalovsky S . Genome-scale proteomics reveals Arabidopsis thaliana gene models and proteome dynamics. Science. 2008; 320(5878):938-41. DOI: 10.1126/science.1157956. View

15.

Terryn N, Heijnen L, De Keyser A, Van Asseldonck M, De Clercq R, Verbakel H . Evidence for an ancient chromosomal duplication in Arabidopsis thaliana by sequencing and analyzing a 400-kb contig at the APETALA2 locus on chromosome 4. FEBS Lett. 1999; 445(2-3):237-45. DOI: 10.1016/s0014-5793(99)00097-6. View

16.

Zybailov B, Rutschow H, Friso G, Rudella A, Emanuelsson O, Sun Q . Sorting signals, N-terminal modifications and abundance of the chloroplast proteome. PLoS One. 2008; 3(4):e1994. PMC: 2291561. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0001994. View

17.

Parker J, Holub E, Frost L, Falk A, Gunn N, Daniels M . Characterization of eds1, a mutation in Arabidopsis suppressing resistance to Peronospora parasitica specified by several different RPP genes. Plant Cell. 1996; 8(11):2033-46. PMC: 161332. DOI: 10.1105/tpc.8.11.2033. View

18.

Yang Z, Rogers L, Song Y, Guo W, Kolattukudy P . Homoserine and asparagine are host signals that trigger in planta expression of a pathogenesis gene in Nectria haematococca. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2005; 102(11):4197-202. PMC: 554811. DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0500312102. View

19.

Blanc G, Barakat A, Guyot R, Cooke R, Delseny M . Extensive duplication and reshuffling in the Arabidopsis genome. Plant Cell. 2000; 12(7):1093-101. PMC: 149051. DOI: 10.1105/tpc.12.7.1093. View

20.

Vogel J, Somerville S . Isolation and characterization of powdery mildew-resistant Arabidopsis mutants. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2000; 97(4):1897-902. PMC: 26533. DOI: 10.1073/pnas.030531997. View