Interaction of Childhood Maltreatment with the Corticotropin-releasing Hormone Receptor Gene: Effects on Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal Axis Reactivity

Overview

Journal Biol Psychiatry

Publisher Elsevier

Specialty Psychiatry

Date 2009 Jul 15

PMID 19596121

Citations 118

Authors

Audrey R Tyrka

Lawrence H Price

Joel Gelernter

Caroline Schepker

George M Anderson

Linda L Carpenter

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Background: Variation in the corticotropin-releasing hormone receptor (CRHR1) gene has been shown to interact with early life stress to predict adult depression. This study was conducted to determine whether CRHR1 polymorphisms interact with childhood maltreatment to predict hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis reactivity, which has been linked to both depression and early life stress.

Methods: One hundred twenty-nine White, non-Hispanic adults completed the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire and the dexamethasone/corticotropin-releasing hormone (DEX/CRH) test, and provided blood samples for genotyping of two CRHR1 polymorphisms.

Results: Both rs110402 and rs242924 (which were in tight linkage disequilibrium, D' = .98) showed a significant interaction with maltreatment in the prediction of cortisol response to the DEX/CRH test (p < .05). For subjects with maltreatment, the GG genotype of each single nucleotide polymorphism was associated with elevated cortisol responses to the test.

Conclusions: Variation in the CRHR1 moderates the effect of childhood maltreatment on cortisol responses to the DEX/CRH test. Excessive HPA axis activation could represent a mechanism of interactions of risk genes with stress in the development of mood and anxiety disorders.

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