In Vivo Alterations in Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH) and LDH Isoenzymes Patterns by Acute Carbofuran Intoxication

Overview

Journal Arch Environ Contam Toxicol

Specialty Environmental Health

Date 1991 Aug 1

PMID 1958080

Citations 4

Authors

R C Gupta

J T Goad

W L Kadel

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Intoxication with an acute dose of carbofuran (1.5 mg/kg, sc) in male Sprague-Dawley rats evoked severe toxic manifestations characteristic of hypercholinergic preponderance with profound muscle fasciculations and convulsions during 30-60 min, lasting for about 2 h. Lactate dehydrogenase, a "biomarker" cytoplasmic enzyme catalyzing the reversible reaction of lactate-pyruvate, was represented by five electrophoretically distinct isoenzymes in the serum and tissues. The amounts of each isoenzyme in different tissues were widely varied and consequently the patterns were tissue specific. A 24-h time-course following carbofuran administration indicated a two-fold increase in the activity of total LDH in serum and more than 30% in hemidiaphragm and liver. The patterns of LDH isoenzymes in serum revealed a significant (P less than 0.01) increase in all the isoenzymes except LDH-4 (64% decrease). Analysis of each tissue revealed characteristic changes in LDH isoenzyme patterns indicating organ-specific tissue damage. These alterations in LDH and its isoenzymes, in addition to acetylcholinesterase inhibition, may be directly or indirectly related to the mechanism(s) of the toxic action, and also provide insight into the site/organ(s) of toxic injury, thus providing an early prognostic indicator.

Citing Articles

Studies on the ameliorative effect of curcumin on carbofuran induced perturbations in the activity of lactate dehydrogenase in wistar rats.

Jaiswal S, Siddiqi N, Sharma B Saudi J Biol Sci. 2018; 25(8):1585-1592.

PMID: 30591774 PMC: 6303160. DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2016.03.002.

and Mushrooms Protect against Carbofuran-Induced Toxicity in Rats.

Hossen M, Prince M, Tanvir E, Chowdhury M, Rahman M, Alam F Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2018; 2018:6254929.

PMID: 29861774 PMC: 5976964. DOI: 10.1155/2018/6254929.

Protective role of Juniperus phoenicea and Cupressus sempervirens against CCl(4).

Ali S, Rizk M, Ibrahim N, Abdallah M, Sharara H, Moustafa M World J Gastrointest Pharmacol Ther. 2011; 1(6):123-31.

PMID: 21577307 PMC: 3091159. DOI: 10.4292/wjgpt.v1.i6.123.

Biomarker responses in flounder Platichthys flesus from the Polish coastal area of the Baltic Sea and applications in biomonitoring.

Napierska D, Barsiene J, Mulkiewicz E, Podolska M, Rybakovas A Ecotoxicology. 2009; 18(7):846-59.

PMID: 19495964 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-009-0328-z.

References

Codd J, Sullivan R, Weins R, BARNER H, Kaiser G, Willman V . Myocardial injury following myocardial revascularization. Detection by isoenzyme analysis. Circulation. 1977; 56(3 Suppl):II49-53. View

Bhargava A, Preus M, Khater A, Gunzel P . Effect of iloprost on serum creatine kinase and lactate dehydrogenase isoenzymes after isoprenaline-induced cardiac damage in rats. Arzneimittelforschung. 1990; 40(3):248-52. View

Sorensen P, Moller-Petersen J, Ring T . Lactate dehydrogenase isoenzyme 1 in the diagnosis of myocardial infarction. J Clin Chem Clin Biochem. 1982; 20(5):291-4. View

BRODY I . THE SIGNIFICANCE OF LACTATE DEHYDROGENASE ISOZYMES IN ABNORMAL HUMAN SKELETAL MUSCLE. Neurology. 1964; 14:1091-100. DOI: 10.1212/wnl.14.12.1091. View

KONTTINEN A, Hupli V, LOUHIJA A, Hartel G . Origin of elevated serum enzyme activities after direct-current countershock. N Engl J Med. 1969; 281(5):231-4. DOI: 10.1056/NEJM196907312810502. View

Gupta R, Dettbarn W . Alterations of high-energy phosphate compounds in the skeletal muscles of rats intoxicated with diisopropylphosphorofluoridate (DFP) and Soman. Fundam Appl Toxicol. 1987; 8(3):400-7. DOI: 10.1016/0272-0590(87)90089-3. View

Rosalki S . Standardisation of isoenzyme assays with special reference to lactate dehydrogenase isoenzyme electrophoresis. Clin Biochem. 1974; 7(1):29-40. DOI: 10.1016/s0009-9120(74)90232-x. View

Asztalos B, Nemcsok J . Effect of pesticides on the LDH activity and isoenzyme pattern of carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) sera. Comp Biochem Physiol C Comp Pharmacol Toxicol. 1985; 82(1):217-9. DOI: 10.1016/0742-8413(85)90233-6. View

Gupta R, Goad J, Kadel W . Carbofuran-induced alterations (in vivo) in high-energy phosphates, creatine kinase (CK) and CK isoenzymes. Arch Toxicol. 1991; 65(4):304-10. DOI: 10.1007/BF01968964. View

10.

Bruns D, Emerson J, Intemann S, Bertholf R, Hill Jr K, Savory J . Lactate dehydrogenase isoenzyme-1: changes during the first day after acute myocardial infarction. Clin Chem. 1981; 27(11):1821-3. View

11.

Wieme R, HERPOL J . Origin of the lactate dehydrogenase isoenzyme pattern found in the serum of patients having primary muscular dystrophy. Nature. 1962; 194:287-8. DOI: 10.1038/194287b0. View

12.

Appella E, MARKERT C . Dissociation of lactate dehydrogenase into subunits with guanidine hydrochloride. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1961; 6:171-6. DOI: 10.1016/0006-291x(61)90123-1. View

13.

Gupta R, Kadel W . Prevention and antagonism of acute carbofuran intoxication by memantine and atropine. J Toxicol Environ Health. 1989; 28(1):111-22. DOI: 10.1080/15287398909531332. View

14.

Maekawa M . Lactate dehydrogenase isoenzymes. J Chromatogr. 1988; 429:373-98. DOI: 10.1016/s0378-4347(00)83879-7. View

15.

Henry R, CHIAMORI N, GOLUB O, Berkman S . Revised spectrophotometric methods for the determination of glutamic-oxalacetic transaminase, glutamic-pyruvic transaminase, and lactic acid dehydrogenase. Am J Clin Pathol. 1960; 34:381-98. DOI: 10.1093/ajcp/34.4_ts.381. View

16.

Cahn R, ZWILLING E, Kaplan N, Levine L . Nature and Development of Lactic Dehydrogenases: The two major types of this enzyme form molecular hybrids which change in makeup during development. Science. 1962; 136(3520):962-9. DOI: 10.1126/science.136.3520.962. View

17.

Lukrec A, Phillips M, HOWARD R . Inhibition of serum lactate dehydrogenase activity by disulfiram and diethyldithiocarbamate. Biochem Pharmacol. 1989; 38(18):3132-3. DOI: 10.1016/0006-2952(89)90029-4. View

18.

Nemcsok J, Boross L . Comparative studies on the sensitivity of different fish species to metal pollution. Acta Biol Acad Sci Hung. 1982; 33(1):23-7. View

19.

CORNISH H, BARTH M, DODSON V . Isozyme profiles and protein patterns in specific organ damage. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 1970; 16(2):411-23. DOI: 10.1016/0041-008x(70)90012-8. View

20.

Shina R, Condrea E . Inhibition of lactate dehydrogenase by an EDTA.Ca2+ complex. Clin Chim Acta. 1990; 189(2):231-5. DOI: 10.1016/0009-8981(90)90096-b. View