Shortened Dental Arch and Cerebral Regional Blood Volume: an Experimental Pilot Study with Optical Topography

A shortened dental arch without posterior occlusal support has been thought to maintain sufficient oral function. The mechanism of occlusal adaptation with a shortened dental arch is unclear. For a better understanding of the effects of molar teeth on brain function, the authors combined experimentally-shortened dental arches and a neuro-imaging technique. Regional cerebral blood volume was measured using near-infrared optical topography during maximum voluntary clenching tasks from 10 subjects on individually fabricated oral appliances, which can create experimentally complete and shortened dental arches. Results suggested that clenching on the complete dental arch showed a significantly higher brain blood volume than that on the shortened dental arch. Moreover, there were no differences between the two splints in the latency to the maximum oxyhemoglobin concentration. These findings suggest that occlusal status is closely related to brain blood flow and lack of occlusal molar support rapidly reduces cerebral blood volume in the maximum voluntary clenching condition.