The Mucosal Barrier and Immune Activation in HIV Pathogenesis

Overview

Journal Curr Opin HIV AIDS

Specialty Infectious Diseases

Date 2009 Apr 18

PMID 19372990

Citations 92

Authors

Jason M Brenchley

Daniel C Douek

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Purpose Of Review: Significant gastrointestinal pathology occurs in progressive HIV and simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) infections. This review will examine the relationship between the detrimental events to the gastrointestinal tract during the acute phase of infection and disease progression through the chronic phase and, ultimately, AIDS.

Recent Findings: Gastrointestinal tract CD4 T cells are dramatically depleted in acutely HIV-infected humans and SIV-infected rhesus macaques, sooty mangabeys, and African green monkeys. In addition HIV infection of humans and SIV-infection of rhesus macaques are characterized by enteropathy and increased intestinal permeability. While SIV-infected rhesus macaques and HIV-infected humans manifest chronic and systemic immune activation and microbial translocation, and progress to chronic infection and AIDS, however, SIV-infected sooty mangabeys and African green monkeys do not.

Summary: Recent studies have increased our understanding of the mechanisms relating structural and immunological damage to the gastrointestinal tract during the acute phase of HIV/SIV infection to immune activation and disease progression in the chronic phase.

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