Grade and Stage at Presentation Do Not Predict Mortality in Patients with Bladder Cancer Who Survive Their Disease

Purpose: Our goal was to determine whether presenting grade and stage of bladder cancer (BC), which directly affect disease-specific survival, also influence time to and cause of non-BC deaths.

Methods: Histology slides of all men who lived in Wisconsin age > or = 50 years diagnosed with BC in 1988 were reviewed centrally, and time and cause of death as reported to the state's tumor registry were recorded. Competing risks analyses based on grade, tumor stage, and age at diagnosis were generated to correlate time and causes of death (BC or non-BC) with tumor histology and age at presentation.

Results: Grade-stage categories were assigned to 509 patients with BC as follows: LGN = low grade (grade 1 or 2), nonmuscle invading (stage Ta or T1); HGN = high grade (grade 3 or carcinoma in situ), nonmuscle invading (stage Ta, T1, or TIS); and INV = any grade, muscle invasive (> or = stage T2). Three hundred nine patients (60.7%) were LGN, 80 (15.7%) were HGN, and 120 (23.6%) were INV. Grade-stage category predicted overall (P = .0001) and BC-specific (P < .0001) mortality but not non-BC mortality (P = .72), with hazard ratios of 1.095 (95% CI, 0.783 to 1.531) for HGN versus LGN, 1.137 (95% CI, 0.799 to 1.617) for INV versus LGN, and 1.038 (95% CI, 0.670 to 1.607) for INV versus HGN. Age had a highly significant effect on overall and non-BC deaths (P < .0001) but only marginally predicted BC deaths (P = .054). Time to non-BC death did not differ significantly between grade-stage category (P = .12) or cause of death (P = .81).

Conclusion: Grade-stage category at diagnosis predicts overall and BC mortality but not mortality from other causes. Thus, particularly for INV disease, because BC represents the major threat to life, aggressive therapies that have been shown to be effective are justified.