Pilot- and Bench-scale Testing of Faecal Indicator Bacteria Survival in Marine Beach Sand Near Point Sources

Overview

Journal J Appl Microbiol

Publisher Oxford University Press

Date 2009 Mar 24

PMID 19302327

Citations 14

Authors

K B Mika

G Imamura

C Chang

V Conway

G Fernandez

J F Griffith

R A Kampalath

C M Lee

C-C Lin

R Moreno

S Thompson

R L Whitman

J A Jay

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Aim: Factors affecting faecal indicator bacteria (FIB) and pathogen survival/persistence in sand remain largely unstudied. This work elucidates how biological and physical factors affect die-off in beach sand following sewage spills.

Methods And Results: Solar disinfection with mechanical mixing was pilot-tested as a disinfection procedure after a large sewage spill in Los Angeles. Effects of solar exposure, mechanical mixing, predation and/or competition, season, and moisture were tested at bench scale. First-order decay constants for Escherichia coli ranged between -0.23 and -1.02 per day, and for enterococci between -0.5 and -1.0 per day. Desiccation was a dominant factor for E. coli but not enterococci inactivation. Effects of season were investigated through a comparison of experimental results from winter, spring, and fall.

Conclusions: Moisture was the dominant factor controlling E. coli inactivation kinetics. Initial microbial community and sand temperature were also important factors. Mechanical mixing, common in beach grooming, did not consistently reduce bacterial levels.

Significance And Impact Of The Study: Inactivation rates are mainly dependent on moisture and high sand temperature. Chlorination was an effective disinfection treatment in sand microcosms inoculated with raw influent.

Citing Articles

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Sources and persistence of fecal indicator bacteria and in sand as measured by culture-based and culture-independent methods: A case study at Santa Monica Pier, California.

Mika K, Chavarria K, Imamura G, Tang C, Torres R, Jay J Water Air Soil Pollut. 2019; 228.

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