Pneumonia and Other Respiratory Infections

Overview

Journal Pediatr Clin North Am

Specialty Pediatrics

Date 2009 Jan 13

PMID 19135585

Citations 13

Authors

Sarath C Ranganathan

Samantha Sonnappa

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Pneumonia is a leading killer of children in developing countries and results in significant morbidity worldwide. This article reviews the management of pneumonia and its complications from the perspective of both developed and resource-poor settings. In addition, evidence-based management of other respiratory infections, including tuberculosis, is discussed. Finally, the management of common complications of pneumonia is reviewed.

Citing Articles

Recovery Time From Severe Community Acquired Pneumonia and Risk Factors Among Pediatrics, Ethiopia: A Retrospective Follow-Up Study.

Wake A Glob Pediatr Health. 2024; 11:2333794X241256860.

PMID: 38882550 PMC: 11177736. DOI: 10.1177/2333794X241256860.

Role of Olive Bioactive Compounds in Respiratory Diseases.

Vijakumaran U, Goh N, Razali R, Abdullah N, Yazid M, Sulaiman N Antioxidants (Basel). 2023; 12(6).

PMID: 37371870 PMC: 10295110. DOI: 10.3390/antiox12061140.

Effect of improved cookstove intervention on childhood acute lower respiratory infection in Northwest Ethiopia: a cluster-randomized controlled trial.

Adane M, Alene G, Mereta S, Wanyonyi K BMC Pediatr. 2021; 21(1):4.

PMID: 33397313 PMC: 7780395. DOI: 10.1186/s12887-020-02459-1.

Prevalence and risk factors of acute lower respiratory infection among children living in biomass fuel using households: a community-based cross-sectional study in Northwest Ethiopia.

Adane M, Alene G, Mereta S, Wanyonyi K BMC Public Health. 2020; 20(1):363.

PMID: 32192454 PMC: 7083007. DOI: 10.1186/s12889-020-08515-w.

Association of polymorphisms in genes of factors involved in regulation of splicing of cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator mRNA with acute respiratory distress syndrome in children with pneumonia.

Perez-Marques F, Simpson P, Yan K, Quasney M, Halligan N, Merchant D Crit Care. 2016; 20:281.

PMID: 27596159 PMC: 5011993. DOI: 10.1186/s13054-016-1454-7.

References

McNally L, Jeena P, Gajee K, Thula S, Sturm A, Cassol S . Effect of age, polymicrobial disease, and maternal HIV status on treatment response and cause of severe pneumonia in South African children: a prospective descriptive study. Lancet. 2007; 369(9571):1440-1451. DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(07)60670-9. View

Hazir T, Fox L, Nisar Y, Fox M, Ashraf Y, MacLeod W . Ambulatory short-course high-dose oral amoxicillin for treatment of severe pneumonia in children: a randomised equivalency trial. Lancet. 2008; 371(9606):49-56. DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(08)60071-9. View

Obaro S, Madhi S . Bacterial pneumonia vaccines and childhood pneumonia: are we winning, refining, or redefining?. Lancet Infect Dis. 2006; 6(3):150-61. PMC: 7106399. DOI: 10.1016/S1473-3099(06)70411-X. View

Williams B, Gouws E, Boschi-Pinto C, Bryce J, Dye C . Estimates of world-wide distribution of child deaths from acute respiratory infections. Lancet Infect Dis. 2002; 2(1):25-32. DOI: 10.1016/s1473-3099(01)00170-0. View

Michelow I, Olsen K, Lozano J, Rollins N, Duffy L, Ziegler T . Epidemiology and clinical characteristics of community-acquired pneumonia in hospitalized children. Pediatrics. 2004; 113(4):701-7. DOI: 10.1542/peds.113.4.701. View

Whitney C, Farley M, Hadler J, Harrison L, Lexau C, Reingold A . Increasing prevalence of multidrug-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae in the United States. N Engl J Med. 2001; 343(26):1917-24. DOI: 10.1056/NEJM200012283432603. View

Zar H, Hanslo D, Apolles P, Swingler G, Hussey G . Induced sputum versus gastric lavage for microbiological confirmation of pulmonary tuberculosis in infants and young children: a prospective study. Lancet. 2005; 365(9454):130-4. DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(05)17702-2. View

Campbell H, Byass P, Forgie I, Oneill K, Greenwood B . Trial of co-trimoxazole versus procaine penicillin with ampicillin in treatment of community-acquired pneumonia in young Gambian children. Lancet. 1988; 2(8621):1182-4. DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(88)90244-9. View

Gorak E, Yamada S, Brown J . Community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in hospitalized adults and children without known risk factors. Clin Infect Dis. 1999; 29(4):797-800. DOI: 10.1086/520437. View

10.

Friedland I . Comparison of the response to antimicrobial therapy of penicillin-resistant and penicillin-susceptible pneumococcal disease. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 1995; 14(10):885-90. DOI: 10.1097/00006454-199510000-00013. View

11.

McCracken Jr G . Etiology and treatment of pneumonia. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2000; 19(4):373-7. DOI: 10.1097/00006454-200004000-00032. View

12.

Vuori-Holopainen E, Salo E, Saxen H, Hedman K, Hyypia T, Lahdenpera R . Etiological diagnosis of childhood pneumonia by use of transthoracic needle aspiration and modern microbiological methods. Clin Infect Dis. 2002; 34(5):583-90. DOI: 10.1086/338642. View

13.

Kurt B, Winterhalter K, Connors R, Betz B, Winters J . Therapy of parapneumonic effusions in children: video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery versus conventional thoracostomy drainage. Pediatrics. 2006; 118(3):e547-53. DOI: 10.1542/peds.2005-2719. View

14.

Jokinen C, Heiskanen L, Juvonen H, Kallinen S, Karkola K, Korppi M . Incidence of community-acquired pneumonia in the population of four municipalities in eastern Finland. Am J Epidemiol. 1993; 137(9):977-88. DOI: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a116770. View

15.

Swingler G, Du Toit G, Andronikou S, Van der Merwe L, Zar H . Diagnostic accuracy of chest radiography in detecting mediastinal lymphadenopathy in suspected pulmonary tuberculosis. Arch Dis Child. 2005; 90(11):1153-6. PMC: 1720188. DOI: 10.1136/adc.2004.062315. View

16.

Balfour-Lynn I, Abrahamson E, Cohen G, Hartley J, King S, Parikh D . BTS guidelines for the management of pleural infection in children. Thorax. 2005; 60 Suppl 1:i1-21. PMC: 1766040. DOI: 10.1136/thx.2004.030676. View

17.

Whitney C, Pilishvili T, Farley M, Schaffner W, Craig A, Lynfield R . Effectiveness of seven-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine against invasive pneumococcal disease: a matched case-control study. Lancet. 2006; 368(9546):1495-502. DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(06)69637-2. View

18.

Bryce J, Boschi-Pinto C, Shibuya K, Black R . WHO estimates of the causes of death in children. Lancet. 2005; 365(9465):1147-52. DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(05)71877-8. View

19.

Abadco D, Steiner P . Gastric lavage is better than bronchoalveolar lavage for isolation of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in childhood pulmonary tuberculosis. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 1992; 11(9):735-8. DOI: 10.1097/00006454-199209000-00013. View

20.

Cohen R, Levy C, De La Rocque F, Gelbert N, Wollner A, Fritzell B . Impact of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine and of reduction of antibiotic use on nasopharyngeal carriage of nonsusceptible pneumococci in children with acute otitis media. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2006; 25(11):1001-7. DOI: 10.1097/01.inf.0000243163.85163.a8. View