A New Generic Real-time Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction Assay for Vesiviruses; Vesiviruses Were Not Detected in Human Samples

Overview

Journal J Virol Methods

Specialty Microbiology

Date 2009 Jan 13

PMID 19135480

Citations 4

Authors

Sanela Svraka

Erwin Duizer

Herman Egberink

Jojanneke Dekkers

Harry Vennema

Marion Koopmans

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Different viruses belonging to the genus Vesivirus infect a broad range of animals, and cause gastroenteritis, vesicular skin lesions, hemorrhagic disease, respiratory diseases and other conditions. A recent report on Vesivirus viremia, as detected by PCR, in samples from patients with hepatitis of unknown etiology in the USA suggested a zoonotic potential for vesiviruses. These results have not been confirmed by another laboratory. In order to do so, a generic PCR assay on the RNA polymerase region was developed, and validated with RNA from 69 different Vesivirus species. Except SMSV serotype-8, all species tested were detected, including the ones that were suggested to be involved in zoonotic transmission in the USA (SMSV serotype-5). The generic Vesivirus assay was used on RNA extracted from serum samples from patients with hepatitis, stool samples from patients with gastroenteritis, throat-swab specimens of patients with rash illnesses, throat-swab and nose-swabs of patients with acute respiratory diseases, and cell cultures with cytopathologic effect from enterovirus surveillance in which no pathogen was found. None were found positive. In this study a generic Vesivirus assay was developed and it was concluded that vesiviruses are an unlikely cause of common illnesses in humans in the Netherlands.

Citing Articles

Multiple novel caliciviruses identified from stoats (Mustela erminea) in the United Kingdom.

Hinds J, Apaa T, Parry R, Withers A, Mackenzie L, Staley C Access Microbiol. 2024; 6(7).

PMID: 39130737 PMC: 11316584. DOI: 10.1099/acmi.0.000813.v4.

Novel peeling skin condition in neonatal Pacific walruses, Saint Lawrence Island, Alaska, USA.

Stimmelmayr R, Rotstein D, Sanchez S, Baird A, Sheffield G, Snyder J J Vet Diagn Invest. 2023; 35(6):761-765.

PMID: 37705293 PMC: 10621566. DOI: 10.1177/10406387231200577.

Molecular Identification of Enteric Viruses in Domestic Animals in Northeastern Gabon, Central Africa.

Bohou Kombila L, Ndilimabaka N, Garcia D, Rieu O, Engone Ondo J, Mebaley T Animals (Basel). 2023; 13(15).

PMID: 37570320 PMC: 10417819. DOI: 10.3390/ani13152512.

Epidemiology and genotype analysis of emerging sapovirus-associated infections across Europe.

Svraka S, Vennema H, van der Veer B, Hedlund K, Thorhagen M, Siebenga J J Clin Microbiol. 2010; 48(6):2191-8.

PMID: 20392905 PMC: 2884469. DOI: 10.1128/JCM.02427-09.

References

Van der Sanden S, de Bruin E, Vennema H, Swanink C, Koopmans M, Van Der Avoort H . Prevalence of human parechovirus in the Netherlands in 2000 to 2007. J Clin Microbiol. 2008; 46(9):2884-9. PMC: 2546772. DOI: 10.1128/JCM.00168-08. View

Sugieda M, Nagaoka H, Kakishima Y, Ohshita T, Nakamura S, Nakajima S . Detection of Norwalk-like virus genes in the caecum contents of pigs. Arch Virol. 1998; 143(6):1215-21. DOI: 10.1007/s007050050369. View

Svraka S, Duizer E, Vennema H, de Bruin E, van der Veer B, Dorresteijn B . Etiological role of viruses in outbreaks of acute gastroenteritis in The Netherlands from 1994 through 2005. J Clin Microbiol. 2007; 45(5):1389-94. PMC: 1865895. DOI: 10.1128/JCM.02305-06. View

Yamashita T, Sugiyama M, Tsuzuki H, Sakae K, Suzuki Y, Miyazaki Y . Application of a reverse transcription-PCR for identification and differentiation of Aichi virus, a new member of the Picornavirus family associated with gastroenteritis in humans. J Clin Microbiol. 2000; 38(8):2955-61. PMC: 87158. DOI: 10.1128/JCM.38.8.2955-2961.2000. View

Reid S, Ansell D, Ferris N, Hutchings G, Knowles N, Smith A . Development of a reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction procedure for the detection of marine caliciviruses with potential application for nucleotide sequencing. J Virol Methods. 1999; 82(1):99-107. DOI: 10.1016/s0166-0934(99)00088-9. View

Scheltinga S, Templeton K, Beersma M, Claas E . Diagnosis of human metapneumovirus and rhinovirus in patients with respiratory tract infections by an internally controlled multiplex real-time RNA PCR. J Clin Virol. 2005; 33(4):306-11. PMC: 7185544. DOI: 10.1016/j.jcv.2004.08.021. View

Smith A, Akers T . Vesicular exanthema of swine. J Am Vet Med Assoc. 1976; 169(7):700-3. View

Herremans M, Vennema H, Bakker J, van der Veer B, Duizer E, Benne C . Swine-like hepatitis E viruses are a cause of unexplained hepatitis in the Netherlands. J Viral Hepat. 2007; 14(2):140-6. DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2893.2006.00786.x. View

Reid S, King D, Shaw A, Knowles N, Hutchings G, Cooper E . Development of a real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction assay for detection of marine caliciviruses (genus Vesivirus). J Virol Methods. 2006; 140(1-2):166-73. DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2006.11.010. View

10.

Van Binnendijk R, van den Hof S, van den Kerkhof H, Kohl R, Woonink F, Berbers G . Evaluation of serological and virological tests in the diagnosis of clinical and subclinical measles virus infections during an outbreak of measles in The Netherlands. J Infect Dis. 2003; 188(6):898-903. DOI: 10.1086/377103. View

11.

Waar K, Herremans M, Vennema H, Koopmans M, Benne C . Hepatitis E is a cause of unexplained hepatitis in The Netherlands. J Clin Virol. 2005; 33(2):145-9. DOI: 10.1016/j.jcv.2004.10.015. View

12.

Wang Q, Han M, Cheetham S, Souza M, Funk J, Saif L . Porcine noroviruses related to human noroviruses. Emerg Infect Dis. 2006; 11(12):1874-81. PMC: 3367634. DOI: 10.3201/eid1112.050485. View

13.

Green K, Ando T, Balayan M, Berke T, Clarke I, Estes M . Taxonomy of the caliciviruses. J Infect Dis. 2000; 181 Suppl 2:S322-30. DOI: 10.1086/315591. View

14.

Sawyer J . Vesicular exanthema of swine and San Miguel sea lion virus. J Am Vet Med Assoc. 1976; 169(7):707-9. View

15.

Smith A, Prato C, Skilling D . Characterization of two new serotypes of San Miguel sea lion virus. Intervirology. 1977; 8(1):30-6. DOI: 10.1159/000148874. View

16.

Heijnen M, Dorigo-Zetsma J, Bartelds A, Wilbrink B, Sprenger M . Surveillance of respiratory pathogens and influenza-like illnesses in general practices - The Netherlands, winter 1997-98. Euro Surveill. 2003; 4(7):81-84. DOI: 10.2807/esm.04.07.00054-en. View

17.

Seal B, House J, Whetstone C, Neill J . Analysis of the serologic relationship among San Miguel sea lion virus and vesicular exanthema of swine virus isolates. Application of the western blot assay for detection of antibodies in swine sera to these virus types. J Vet Diagn Invest. 1995; 7(2):190-5. DOI: 10.1177/104063879500700204. View

18.

Radford A, Gaskell R, Hart C . Human norovirus infection and the lessons from animal caliciviruses. Curr Opin Infect Dis. 2004; 17(5):471-8. DOI: 10.1097/00001432-200410000-00012. View

19.

OHara T, House C, House J, Suydam R, George J . Viral serologic survey of bowhead whales in Alaska. J Wildl Dis. 1998; 34(1):39-46. DOI: 10.7589/0090-3558-34.1.39. View

20.

Smith A, Iversen P, Skilling D, Stein D, Bok K, Matson D . Vesivirus viremia and seroprevalence in humans. J Med Virol. 2006; 78(5):693-701. PMC: 7166889. DOI: 10.1002/jmv.20594. View