Post-transcriptional Regulation of Tyrosine Hydroxylase Expression in Adrenal Medulla and Brain

Overview

Journal Ann N Y Acad Sci

Specialty Science

Date 2009 Jan 6

PMID 19120116

Citations 20

Authors

A William Tank

Lu Xu

Xiqun Chen

Pheona Radcliffe

Carol R Sterling

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

It is well established that long-term stress leads to induction of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) mRNA and TH protein in adrenal medulla and brain. This induction is usually associated with stimulation of the TH gene transcription rate. However, a number of studies have reported major discrepancies between the stress-induced changes in TH gene transcription, TH mRNA, and TH protein. These discrepancies suggest that post-transcriptional mechanisms also play an important role in regulating TH expression in response to stress and other stimuli. In this report, we summarize some of our findings and literature reports that demonstrate these discrepancies in adrenal medulla, locus ceruleus, and midbrain dopamine neurons. We then describe our recent work investigating the molecular mechanisms that mediate this post-transcriptional regulation in adrenal medulla and midbrain. Our results suggest that trans-acting factors binding to the polypyrimidine-rich region of the 3' untranslated region of TH mRNA play a role in these post-transcriptional mechanisms. A hypothetical cellular model describing this post-transcriptional regulation is proposed.

Citing Articles

Phosphodiesterase inhibition and Gucy2C activation enhance tyrosine hydroxylase Ser40 phosphorylation and improve 6-hydroxydopamine-induced motor deficits.

Douma E, Stoop J, Lingl M, Smidt M, van der Heide L Cell Biosci. 2024; 14(1):132.

PMID: 39456033 PMC: 11515495. DOI: 10.1186/s13578-024-01312-7.

Repeated exposure to novelty promotes resilience against the amyloid-beta effect through dopaminergic stimulation.

Velazquez-Delgado C, Hernandez-Ortiz E, Landa-Navarro L, Tapia-Rodriguez M, Moreno-Castilla P, Bermudez-Rattoni F Psychopharmacology (Berl). 2024; 242(1):85-100.

PMID: 39145803 PMC: 11742894. DOI: 10.1007/s00213-024-06650-5.

N-Acetylcysteine Treatment May Compensate Motor Impairments through Dopaminergic Transmission Modulation in a Striatal 6-Hydroxydopamine Parkinson's Disease Rat Model.

Caridade-Silva R, Araujo B, Martins-Macedo J, Teixeira F Antioxidants (Basel). 2023; 12(6).

PMID: 37371987 PMC: 10295771. DOI: 10.3390/antiox12061257.

Personalized Medicine to Improve Treatment of Dopa-Responsive Dystonia-A Focus on Tyrosine Hydroxylase Deficiency.

Nygaard G, Szigetvari P, Grindheim A, Ruoff P, Martinez A, Haavik J J Pers Med. 2021; 11(11).

PMID: 34834538 PMC: 8625014. DOI: 10.3390/jpm11111186.

Role of endothelin receptor type A on catecholamine regulation in the olfactory bulb of DOCA-salt hypertensive rats: Hemodynamic implications.

Guil M, Scholler M, Cassinotti L, Biancardi V, Pitra S, Bianciotti L Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis. 2019; 1865(11):165527.

PMID: 31398465 PMC: 7392244. DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2019.08.003.

References

Sherman T, Moody C . Alterations in tyrosine hydroxylase expression following partial lesions of the nigrostriatal bundle. Brain Res Mol Brain Res. 1995; 29(2):285-96. DOI: 10.1016/0169-328x(94)00259-h. View

Pasinetti G, Morgan D, Johnson S, Millar S, Finch C . Tyrosine hydroxylase mRNA concentration in midbrain dopaminergic neurons is differentially regulated by reserpine. J Neurochem. 1990; 55(5):1793-9. DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.1990.tb04970.x. View

Blanchard V, Chritin M, Vyas S, Savasta M, Feuerstein C, Agid Y . Long-term induction of tyrosine hydroxylase expression: compensatory response to partial degeneration of the dopaminergic nigrostriatal system in the rat brain. J Neurochem. 1995; 64(4):1669-79. DOI: 10.1046/j.1471-4159.1995.64041669.x. View

Bowyer J, Frame L, Clausing P, Osterhout C, Sterling C, Tank A . Long-term effects of amphetamine neurotoxicity on tyrosine hydroxylase mRNA and protein in aged rats. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 1998; 286(2):1074-85. View

Sabban E, Kvetnansky R . Stress-triggered activation of gene expression in catecholaminergic systems: dynamics of transcriptional events. Trends Neurosci. 2001; 24(2):91-8. DOI: 10.1016/s0166-2236(00)01687-8. View

Mueller R, Thoenen H, Axelrod J . Increase in tyrosine hydroxylase activity after reserpine administration. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 1969; 169(1):74-9. View

Kumer S, Vrana K . Intricate regulation of tyrosine hydroxylase activity and gene expression. J Neurochem. 1996; 67(2):443-62. DOI: 10.1046/j.1471-4159.1996.67020443.x. View

Thoenen H . Trans-synaptic enzyme induction. Life Sci. 1974; 14(2):223-35. DOI: 10.1016/0024-3205(74)90052-6. View

Pasinetti G, Osterburg H, Kelly A, Kohama S, Morgan D, Reinhard Jr J . Slow changes of tyrosine hydroxylase gene expression in dopaminergic brain neurons after neurotoxin lesioning: a model for neuron aging. Brain Res Mol Brain Res. 1992; 13(1-2):63-73. DOI: 10.1016/0169-328x(92)90045-d. View

10.

Czyzyk-Krzeska M, Bayliss D, Lawson E, Millhorn D . Regulation of tyrosine hydroxylase gene expression in the rat carotid body by hypoxia. J Neurochem. 1992; 58(4):1538-46. DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.1992.tb11376.x. View

11.

Nankova B, Kvetnansky R, McMahon A, Viskupic E, Hiremagalur B, Frankle G . Induction of tyrosine hydroxylase gene expression by a nonneuronal nonpituitary-mediated mechanism in immobilization stress. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1994; 91(13):5937-41. PMC: 44112. DOI: 10.1073/pnas.91.13.5937. View

12.

Wong D, Tank A . Stress-induced catecholaminergic function: transcriptional and post-transcriptional control. Stress. 2007; 10(2):121-30. DOI: 10.1080/10253890701393529. View

13.

Sabban E, Hebert M, Liu X, Nankova B, Serova L . Differential effects of stress on gene transcription factors in catecholaminergic systems. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2005; 1032:130-40. DOI: 10.1196/annals.1314.010. View

14.

DeCristofaro J, LaGamma E . Neonatal stress: effects of hypoglycemia and hypoxia on adrenal tyrosine hydroxylase gene expression. Pediatr Res. 1994; 36(6):719-23. DOI: 10.1203/00006450-199412000-00006. View

15.

Czyzyk-Krzeska M, Paulding W, Beresh J, Kroll S . Post-transcriptional regulation of tyrosine hydroxylase gene expression by oxygen in PC12 cells. Kidney Int. 1997; 51(2):585-90. DOI: 10.1038/ki.1997.84. View

16.

Paulding W, Czyzyk-Krzeska M . Regulation of tyrosine hydroxylase mRNA stability by protein-binding, pyrimidine-rich sequence in the 3'-untranslated region. J Biol Chem. 1999; 274(4):2532-8. DOI: 10.1074/jbc.274.4.2532. View

17.

Biguet N, Buda M, Lamouroux A, Samolyk D, Mallet J . Time course of the changes of TH mRNA in rat brain and adrenal medulla after a single injection of reserpine. EMBO J. 1986; 5(2):287-91. PMC: 1166731. DOI: 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1986.tb04211.x. View

18.

Czyzyk-Krzeska M, Dominski Z, Kole R, Millhorn D . Hypoxia stimulates binding of a cytoplasmic protein to a pyrimidine-rich sequence in the 3'-untranslated region of rat tyrosine hydroxylase mRNA. J Biol Chem. 1994; 269(13):9940-5. View

19.

Yoshimura R, Xu L, Sun B, Tank A . Nicotinic and muscarinic acetylcholine receptors are essential for the long-term response of tyrosine hydroxylase gene expression to chronic nicotine treatment in rat adrenal medulla. Brain Res Mol Brain Res. 2004; 126(2):188-97. DOI: 10.1016/j.molbrainres.2004.04.007. View

20.

Serova L, Nankova B, Feng Z, Hong J, Hutt M, Sabban E . Heightened transcription for enzymes involved in norepinephrine biosynthesis in the rat locus coeruleus by immobilization stress. Biol Psychiatry. 1999; 45(7):853-62. DOI: 10.1016/s0006-3223(98)90360-2. View