Genetic Diversity in Two Sibling Species of the Anopheles Punctulatus Group of Mosquitoes on Guadalcanal in the Solomon Islands

Overview

Journal BMC Evol Biol

Publisher Biomed Central

Specialty Biology

Date 2008 Nov 26

PMID 19025663

Citations 3

Authors

Arif U Hasan

Setsuo Suguri

Chigusa Fujimoto

Rodney L Itaki

Masakazu Harada

Masato Kawabata

Hugo Bugoro

Bobogare Albino

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Background: The mosquito Anopheles irenicus, a member of the Anopheles punctulatus group, is geographically restricted to Guadalcanal in the Solomon Islands. It shows remarkable morphological similarities to one of its sibling species, An. farauti sensu stricto (An. farauti s.s.), but is dissimilar in host and habitat preferences. To infer the genetic variations between these two species, we have analyzed mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit II (COII) and nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) sequences from Guadalcanal and from one of its nearest neighbours, Malaita, in the Solomon Islands.

Results: An. farauti s.s. was collected mostly from brackish water and by the human bait method on both islands, whereas An. irenicus was only collected from fresh water bodies on Guadalcanal Island. An. irenicus is distributed evenly with An. farauti s.s. (Phi SC = 0.033, 0.38%) and its range overlaps in three of the seven sampling sites. However, there is a significant population genetic structure between the species (Phi CT = 0.863, P < 0.01; Phi ST = 0.865, P < 0.01 and FST = 0.878, P < 0.01). Phylogenetic analyses suggest that An. irenicus is a monophyletic species, not a hybrid, and is closely related to the An. farauti s.s. on Guadalcanal. The time estimator suggests that An. irenicus diverged from the ancestral An. farauti s.s. on Guadalcanal within 29,000 years before present (BP). An. farauti s.s. expanded much earlier on Malaita (texp = 24,600 BP) than the populations on Guadalcanal (texp = 16,800 BP for An. farauti s.s. and 14,000 BP for An. irenicus).

Conclusion: These findings suggest that An. irenicus and An. farauti s.s. are monophyletic sister species living in sympatry, and their populations on Guadalcanal have recently expanded. Consequently, the findings further suggest that An. irenicus diverged from the ancestral An. farauti s.s. on Guadalcanal.

Citing Articles

Coevolution between Contracaecum (Nematoda, Anisakidae) and Austrolebias (Cyprinodontiformes, Rivulidae) host-parasite complex from SW Atlantic coastal basins.

Delgado C, Garcia G Parasitol Res. 2014; 114(3):913-27.

PMID: 25544701 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-014-4257-2.

Genetic diversity of Anopheles triannulatus s.l. (Diptera: Culicidae) from northwestern and southeastern Colombia.

Rosero D, Jaramillo L, Gutierrez L, Conn J, Correa M Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2012; 87(5):910-20.

PMID: 22949519 PMC: 3516268. DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.2012.12-0285.

The dominant Anopheles vectors of human malaria in the Asia-Pacific region: occurrence data, distribution maps and bionomic précis.

Sinka M, Bangs M, Manguin S, Chareonviriyaphap T, Patil A, Temperley W Parasit Vectors. 2011; 4:89.

PMID: 21612587 PMC: 3127851. DOI: 10.1186/1756-3305-4-89.

References

Hasan A, Suguri S, Fujimoto C, Itaki R, Harada M, Kawabata M . Phylogeography and dispersion pattern of Anopheles farauti senso stricto mosquitoes in Melanesia. Mol Phylogenet Evol. 2008; 46(2):792-800. DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2007.09.018. View

Gavrilets S, Vose A . Dynamic patterns of adaptive radiation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2005; 102(50):18040-5. PMC: 1312382. DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0506330102. View

Rogers A, Harpending H . Population growth makes waves in the distribution of pairwise genetic differences. Mol Biol Evol. 1992; 9(3):552-69. DOI: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a040727. View

SCHMIDT E, Foley D, Bugoro H, Bryan J . A morphological study of the Anopheles punctulatus group (Diptera: Culicidae) in the Solomon Islands, with a description of Anopheles (Cellia) irenicus Schmidt, sp.n. Bull Entomol Res. 2004; 93(6):515-26. DOI: 10.1079/ber2003267. View

Excoffier L, Smouse P, Quattro J . Analysis of molecular variance inferred from metric distances among DNA haplotypes: application to human mitochondrial DNA restriction data. Genetics. 1992; 131(2):479-91. PMC: 1205020. DOI: 10.1093/genetics/131.2.479. View

Beebe N, Saul A . Discrimination of all members of the Anopheles punctulatus complex by polymerase chain reaction--restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 1995; 53(5):478-81. DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.1995.53.478. View

Matisoo-Smith E, Robins J . Origins and dispersals of Pacific peoples: evidence from mtDNA phylogenies of the Pacific rat. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2004; 101(24):9167-72. PMC: 428491. DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0403120101. View

Bryan J . Studies on the Anopheles punctulatus complex. I. Identification by proboscis morphological criteria and by cross-mating experiments. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 1973; 67(1):64-9. DOI: 10.1016/0035-9203(73)90322-2. View

Nei M, Li W . Mathematical model for studying genetic variation in terms of restriction endonucleases. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1979; 76(10):5269-73. PMC: 413122. DOI: 10.1073/pnas.76.10.5269. View

10.

Diegisser T, Seitz A, Johannesen J . Phylogeographic patterns of host-race evolution in Tephritis conura (Diptera: Tephritidae). Mol Ecol. 2006; 15(3):681-94. DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-294X.2006.02792.x. View

11.

Fu Y . Statistical tests of neutrality of mutations against population growth, hitchhiking and background selection. Genetics. 1997; 147(2):915-25. PMC: 1208208. DOI: 10.1093/genetics/147.2.915. View

12.

Gavrilets S, Vose A . Case studies and mathematical models of ecological speciation. 2. Palms on an oceanic island. Mol Ecol. 2007; 16(14):2910-21. DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-294X.2007.03304.x. View

13.

Jordal B, Emerson B, Hewitt G . Apparent 'sympatric' speciation in ecologically similar herbivorous beetles facilitated by multiple colonizations of an island. Mol Ecol. 2006; 15(10):2935-47. DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-294X.2006.02993.x. View

14.

Jaenike J, Dyer K, Cornish C, Minhas M . Asymmetrical reinforcement and Wolbachia infection in Drosophila. PLoS Biol. 2006; 4(10):e325. PMC: 1592313. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.0040325. View

15.

Besansky N, Lehmann T, Fahey G, Fontenille D, Braack L, Hawley W . Patterns of mitochondrial variation within and between African malaria vectors, Anopheles gambiae and An. arabiensis, suggest extensive gene flow. Genetics. 1997; 147(4):1817-28. PMC: 1208348. DOI: 10.1093/genetics/147.4.1817. View

16.

Hasegawa M, Thorne J, Kishino H . Time scale of eutherian evolution estimated without assuming a constant rate of molecular evolution. Genes Genet Syst. 2003; 78(4):267-83. DOI: 10.1266/ggs.78.267. View

17.

Hasegawa M, Kishino H, Yano T . Dating of the human-ape splitting by a molecular clock of mitochondrial DNA. J Mol Evol. 1985; 22(2):160-74. DOI: 10.1007/BF02101694. View

18.

Excoffier L, Schneider S . Why hunter-gatherer populations do not show signs of pleistocene demographic expansions. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1999; 96(19):10597-602. PMC: 17928. DOI: 10.1073/pnas.96.19.10597. View

19.

Ray N, Currat M, Excoffier L . Intra-deme molecular diversity in spatially expanding populations. Mol Biol Evol. 2003; 20(1):76-86. DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msg009. View

20.

Harpending H . Signature of ancient population growth in a low-resolution mitochondrial DNA mismatch distribution. Hum Biol. 1994; 66(4):591-600. View