Loss of Efficacy During Long-term Infliximab Therapy for Sight-threatening Childhood Uveitis

Objective: To describe efficacy and safety of infliximab in the treatment of childhood chronic uveitis during a long-term follow-up.

Methods: Fifteen patients (median age 12 yrs, range 5-21 yrs) with chronic uveitis were enrolled. Before infliximab treatment, children had presented active uveitis despite treatment with MTX and/or CSA. All were also receiving oral prednisone (1-2 mg/kg/day) for at least 1 month. Infliximab (5 mg/kg) was administered at weeks 0, 2, 6 and then every 6-8 weeks. Later on, in patients enrolled in Florence the administration interval was progressively increased up to 10 weeks if uveitis did not flare, whilst in children from Padua the scheduled infusion rate was maintained every 6 weeks. Absence or recurrence rate of uveitis up to the last visit was recorded.

Results: Median follow-up on treatment was 30 months (range 16-38 months), median number of infusions 22 (range 11-30). During the first year, 13/15 children achieved a complete remission over a median period of 10 weeks, but all relapsed thereafter. The probability of a first relapse was correlated to length of treatment, once remission was achieved (P < 0.03). The total number of relapses correlated with the duration of treatment (r(s) = 0.81; P < 0.002) and with the total number of infusions (r(s) = 0.83; P < 0.001). The total number of relapses on treatment at last follow-up was not significantly different between the two centres.

Conclusions: Even if limited to a small group, infliximab appears to be an effective treatment for uveitis in children, but its efficacy seems to wane over time.