Paramphistomum Daubneyi: the Number of Sporocysts Developing in Experimentally and Naturally Infected Galba Truncatula

Experimental infections of Galba truncatula with Paramphistomum daubneyi were carried out to determine at day 50 (at 24 degrees C) the numbers of sporocysts, which grew in infected snails via the count of first- and second-generation rediae. In snails individually exposed to one, two, three, four, or five miracidia, the numbers of first-generation rediae increased from the one-miracidium group to the five-miracidium snails (from a mean of 6.7 to 26.1), while second-generation rediae decreased in number (from 6.2 to 0.9, respectively). This scale of redial numbers was used to determine the number of sporocysts, which grew in naturally infected snails collected from sedimentary or acid soils between 1993 and 2006. In cercariae-containing snails, natural infections resulting from the development of one to five sporocysts were found in both samples of G. truncatula examined. The numbers of 3-, 4-, and 5-sporocyst infections were increasing over time since 1997, 2000, and 2003, respectively. The utility of such multiple-sporocyst infections is open to question, as the differentiation of second-generation rediae and that of procercariae were delayed and always limited. They might be interpreted as a consequence of a zoonosis, which has been spreading since 1990 in ruminants of central France.