Herpes Simplex Virus Latency-associated Transcript is a Stable Intron

Overview

Journal Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A

Specialty Science

Date 1991 Feb 1

PMID 1846963

Citations 168

Authors

M J Farrell

A T Dobson

L T Feldman

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

The latency-associated transcript (LAT) is the major viral transcript detected by in situ hybridization of mouse and human sensory ganglia latently infected with herpes simplex virus type 1. The last 750 bases of LAT are complementary to infected-cell polypeptide 0, a herpes simplex virus type 1 immediate-early gene that encodes a transactivating protein that may facilitate re-activation of the virus from the latent state. Several laboratories have shown that LAT accumulates in the nucleus and is not polyadenylylated. Recently, we showed that the promoter for LAT lies 688 bases upstream from its 5' end. We report here that LAT is actually a uniquely stable intron. Furthermore, LAT effectively inhibits transactivation of gene expression by infected-cell polypeptide 0 in transient transfection assays.

Citing Articles

Human cells contain myriad excised linear intron RNAs with links to gene regulation and potential utility as biomarkers.

Yao J, Xu H, Ferrick-Kiddie E, Nottingham R, Wu D, Ares Jr M PLoS Genet. 2024; 20(9):e1011416.

PMID: 39325823 PMC: 11460701. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1011416.

The anti-apoptotic function of HSV-1 LAT in neuronal cell cultures but not its function during reactivation correlates with expression of two small non-coding RNAs, sncRNA1&2.

Oh J, Jaggi U, Tormanen K, Wang S, Hirose S, Ghiasi H PLoS Pathog. 2024; 20(6):e1012307.

PMID: 38857310 PMC: 11192303. DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1012307.

HSV-1 latency-associated transcript miR-H3 and miR-H4 target STXBP1 and GABBR2 genes.

Al-Khfaji K, Kooshki Zamani N, Arefian E J Neurovirol. 2023; 29(6):669-677.

PMID: 37668872 DOI: 10.1007/s13365-023-01174-8.

Circular stable intronic RNAs possess distinct biological features and are deregulated in bladder cancer.

Rasmussen A, Okholm T, Knudsen M, Vang S, Dyrskjot L, Hansen T NAR Cancer. 2023; 5(3):zcad041.

PMID: 37554968 PMC: 10405568. DOI: 10.1093/narcan/zcad041.

Stacking the odds: Multiple sites for HSV-1 latency.

Wang S, Song X, Rajewski A, Santiskulvong C, Ghiasi H Sci Adv. 2023; 9(4):eadf4904.

PMID: 36696497 PMC: 9876545. DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adf4904.

References

Dobson A, Sederati F, Flanagan W, Farrell M, Stevens J, Wagner E . Identification of the latency-associated transcript promoter by expression of rabbit beta-globin mRNA in mouse sensory nerve ganglia latently infected with a recombinant herpes simplex virus. J Virol. 1989; 63(9):3844-51. PMC: 250978. DOI: 10.1128/JVI.63.9.3844-3851.1989. View

Javier R, Stevens J, Dissette V, Wagner E . A herpes simplex virus transcript abundant in latently infected neurons is dispensable for establishment of the latent state. Virology. 1988; 166(1):254-7. DOI: 10.1016/0042-6822(88)90169-9. View

Saiki R, Gelfand D, Stoffel S, Scharf S, Higuchi R, Horn G . Primer-directed enzymatic amplification of DNA with a thermostable DNA polymerase. Science. 1988; 239(4839):487-91. DOI: 10.1126/science.2448875. View

Spencer C, Gietz R, Hodgetts R . Overlapping transcription units in the dopa decarboxylase region of Drosophila. Nature. 1986; 322(6076):279-81. DOI: 10.1038/322279a0. View

OHare P, Hayward G . Three trans-acting regulatory proteins of herpes simplex virus modulate immediate-early gene expression in a pathway involving positive and negative feedback regulation. J Virol. 1985; 56(3):723-33. PMC: 252642. DOI: 10.1128/JVI.56.3.723-733.1985. View

Michaeli T, Pan Z, Prives C . An excised SV40 intron accumulates and is stable in Xenopus laevis oocytes. Genes Dev. 1988; 2(8):1012-20. DOI: 10.1101/gad.2.8.1012. View

Sacks W, Schaffer P . Deletion mutants in the gene encoding the herpes simplex virus type 1 immediate-early protein ICP0 exhibit impaired growth in cell culture. J Virol. 1987; 61(3):829-39. PMC: 254026. DOI: 10.1128/JVI.61.3.829-839.1987. View

Sandri-Goldin R, Sekulovich R, Leary K . The alpha protein ICP0 does not appear to play a major role in the regulation of herpes simplex virus gene expression during infection in tissue culture. Nucleic Acids Res. 1987; 15(3):905-19. PMC: 340497. DOI: 10.1093/nar/15.3.905. View

NEPVEU A, Marcu K . Intragenic pausing and anti-sense transcription within the murine c-myc locus. EMBO J. 1986; 5(11):2859-65. PMC: 1167235. DOI: 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1986.tb04580.x. View

10.

Deatly A, Spivack J, Lavi E, Fraser N . RNA from an immediate early region of the type 1 herpes simplex virus genome is present in the trigeminal ganglia of latently infected mice. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1987; 84(10):3204-8. PMC: 304837. DOI: 10.1073/pnas.84.10.3204. View

11.

Quinlan M, Knipe D . Stimulation of expression of a herpes simplex virus DNA-binding protein by two viral functions. Mol Cell Biol. 1985; 5(5):957-63. PMC: 366810. DOI: 10.1128/mcb.5.5.957-963.1985. View

12.

Gelman I, Silverstein S . Identification of immediate early genes from herpes simplex virus that transactivate the virus thymidine kinase gene. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1985; 82(16):5265-9. PMC: 390548. DOI: 10.1073/pnas.82.16.5265. View

13.

Khochbin S, Lawrence J . An antisense RNA involved in p53 mRNA maturation in murine erythroleukemia cells induced to differentiate. EMBO J. 1989; 8(13):4107-14. PMC: 401592. DOI: 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1989.tb08595.x. View

14.

Kimelman D, Kirschner M . An antisense mRNA directs the covalent modification of the transcript encoding fibroblast growth factor in Xenopus oocytes. Cell. 1989; 59(4):687-96. DOI: 10.1016/0092-8674(89)90015-9. View

15.

Simons R, Kleckner N . Biological regulation by antisense RNA in prokaryotes. Annu Rev Genet. 1988; 22:567-600. DOI: 10.1146/annurev.ge.22.120188.003031. View

16.

Stevens J, Wagner E, Devi-Rao G, Cook M, Feldman L . RNA complementary to a herpesvirus alpha gene mRNA is prominent in latently infected neurons. Science. 1987; 235(4792):1056-9. DOI: 10.1126/science.2434993. View

17.

Bass B, Weintraub H . A developmentally regulated activity that unwinds RNA duplexes. Cell. 1987; 48(4):607-13. DOI: 10.1016/0092-8674(87)90239-x. View

18.

Harris R, Everett R, Zhu X, Silverstein S, Preston C . Herpes simplex virus type 1 immediate-early protein Vmw110 reactivates latent herpes simplex virus type 2 in an in vitro latency system. J Virol. 1989; 63(8):3513-5. PMC: 250929. DOI: 10.1128/JVI.63.8.3513-3515.1989. View

19.

Ho D, Mocarski E . Herpes simplex virus latent RNA (LAT) is not required for latent infection in the mouse. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1989; 86(19):7596-600. PMC: 298113. DOI: 10.1073/pnas.86.19.7596. View

20.

Lazar M, Hodin R, Darling D, Chin W . A novel member of the thyroid/steroid hormone receptor family is encoded by the opposite strand of the rat c-erbA alpha transcriptional unit. Mol Cell Biol. 1989; 9(3):1128-36. PMC: 362703. DOI: 10.1128/mcb.9.3.1128-1136.1989. View