Prevalence and Comorbidity of Allergic Eczema, Rhinitis, and Asthma in a City in Western Turkey

Background: Allergic diseases co-occur in many patients. There is no published population-based epidemiologic study about allergic diseases in Turkey.

Objective: The aim of this population-based study was to investigate the prevalence of allergic eczema, allergic rhinitis, and asthma and their co-occurence in Manisa.

Methods: The sample size was calculated using an estimated prevalence of ever wheezing for the analyzed age group. Interviews were conducted with 725 children. The survey instrument consisted of a set of sociodemographic questions plus the questionnaire of the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood.

Results: The mean (SD) age of the children studied was 8.94 (5.16) years. The prevalence of ever having allergic eczema was 4.7% whereas that of current allergic eczema was 3.2%. Current allergic rhinitis and allergic conjunctivitis were present in 14.5% and 13%, respectively. Asthma was reported in 14.7% of the children older than 3 years of age while the prevalence of physician-diagnosed asthma was 7.9%. The burden of allergy was 27.1%. The prevalence of concomitant eczema and rhinitis was 1.9%. Among children aged between 3 and 17 years, 1.5% and 4.7% had asthma along with eczema and rhinitis respectively. Asthma was significantly more common in children with rhinitis (31.5% vs 11.8%; P < .01; odds ratio [OR], 3.45). Asthma was diagnosed in 28.1% of children with eczema and 14% of children without eczema (P = .03; OR, 2.41).

Conclusions: Atopic diseases seem to significantly increase the risk of developing another atopic disease with ORs that range from 2.4 to 3.4.