[Hydrodynamic Stress: Death and Cellular Damage in Agitated Cultures]

All submerged cultures are under forces associated to fluid dinamics. In this review, the bases of hydrodynamic stress in agitated systems of submerged cultures will be presented, starting from the definitions of eddy of microscale, shear stress and shear rate. This work reports as well some of the most important proposals of cellular response of cells affected by shear injuries, and how other stress response mechanisms allow the cell to respond to the hydrodynamic effects. In addition, some of the most remarkable reports in each one of the cellular culture models will be presented that can be affected by the mechanical agitation, such as: bacteria, filamentous fungi, vegetal and animal cells.