Adenylate Regulation of Photosynthetic Electron Transport and the Coupling Sites of Phosphorylation in Spinach Chloroplasts

Overview

Journal J Bioenerg Biomembr

Publisher Springer

Specialties Biochemistry
Biology
Endocrinology

Date 1976 Oct 1

PMID 18277454

Citations 1

Authors

T Yagi

Y Mukohata

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

The regulation by adenylates of activities of various partial electron transport systems in spinach chloroplasts was studied using systems from H2O to 2,5-dimethyl-p-benzoquinone, H2O to 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol, reduced 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol to methyl viologen, and H2O to methyl viologen or ferricyanide. Adenylates regulated all of them. The ratio of the amount of esterified Pi (P) to that of electrons transported (Deltae) in coupling with phosphorylation manifested that there are two phosphorylation sites: one between H2O and 2,5-dimethyl-p-benzoquinone or 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol and another between reduced 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol and methyl viologen, under the proposed stoichiometries, i.e., P/DeltaH+ = 0.5 and DeltaH+/Deltae = 1, where DeltaH+ is the amount of protons pumped by electron transport (= those translocated during phosphorylation), when the basal electron transport (the part not regulated by adenylates) was excluded. The effects of pH, phlorizin, and methylamine on the adenylate regulation of electron transport, and the stimulation profile of electron transport coupled with quasiarsenylation suggested no distinction between the two phosphorylation sites.

Citing Articles

Effects of purine nucleotides on photosynthetic electron transport in isolated chloroplasts.

Yagi T, Mukohata Y J Bioenerg Biomembr. 1977; 9(1):31-40.

PMID: 195938 DOI: 10.1007/BF00745041.

References

Vambutas V, Bertsch W . Delayed light studies on photosynthetic energy conversion. VIII. Evidence from millisecond emission of chloroplasts for two adenylate binding sites on membrane-bound coupling factor, CF1. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1975; 376(1):169-79. DOI: 10.1016/0005-2728(75)90215-7. View

Vernon L, Zaugg W . Photoreductions by fresh and aged chloropasts: requirement for ascorbate and 2, 6-dichlorophenolindophenol with aged chloroplasts. J Biol Chem. 1960; 235:2728-33. View

Mitchell P . Chemiosmotic coupling in oxidative and photosynthetic phosphorylation. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc. 1966; 41(3):445-502. DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-185x.1966.tb01501.x. View

Ouitrakul R, Izawa S . Electron transport and photophosphorylation in chloroplasts as a function of the electron acceptor. II. Acceptor-specific inhibition by KCN. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1973; 305(1):105-18. DOI: 10.1016/0005-2728(73)90236-3. View

Black Jr C . Chloroplast reactions with dipyridyl salts. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1966; 120(3):332-40. DOI: 10.1016/0926-6585(66)90300-1. View

Kok B, Rurainski H, Owens O . The reducing power generated in photoact I of photosynthesis. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1965; 109(2):347-56. DOI: 10.1016/0926-6585(65)90162-7. View

Izawa S, Good N . The stoichiometric relation of phosphorylation to electron transport in isolated chloroplasts. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1968; 162(3):380-91. DOI: 10.1016/0005-2728(68)90124-2. View

Schwartz M . Light induced proton gradient links electron transport and phosphorylation. Nature. 1968; 219(5157):915-9. DOI: 10.1038/219915a0. View

McCarty R, Fuhrman J, Tsuchiya Y . Effects of adenine nucleotides on hydrogen-ion transport in chloroplasts. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1971; 68(10):2522-6. PMC: 389460. DOI: 10.1073/pnas.68.10.2522. View

10.

Telfer A, Evans M . Evidence for chemiosmotic coupling of electron transport to ATP synthesis in spinach chloroplasts. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1972; 256(3):625-37. DOI: 10.1016/0005-2728(72)90198-3. View

11.

Izawa S, Winget G, Good N . Phlorizin, a specific inhibitor of photophosphorylation and phosphorylation-coupled electron transport in chloroplasts. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1966; 22(2):223-6. DOI: 10.1016/0006-291x(66)90436-0. View

12.

Reeves S, Hall D . The stoichiometry (ATP-2e- ratio) of non-cyclic photophosphorylation in isolated spinach chloroplasts. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1973; 314(1):66-78. DOI: 10.1016/0005-2728(73)90064-9. View

13.

Asada K, Takahashi M, Urano M . Phosphorylation assay in liquid scintillation counter using Cerenkov radiation of 32 P: application to photophosphorylation. Anal Biochem. 1972; 48(1):311-5. DOI: 10.1016/0003-2697(72)90195-9. View

14.

Junge W, Auslander W . The electric generator in photosynthesis of green plants. I. Vectorial and protolytic properties of the electron transport chain. Biochim Biophys Acta. 2009; 333(1):59-70. DOI: 10.1016/0005-2728(74)90163-7. View

15.

Trebst A . Measurement of Hill reactions and photoreduction. Methods Enzymol. 1972; 24:146-65. DOI: 10.1016/0076-6879(72)24065-4. View

16.

Girault G, Galmiche J, Thiery J . Comparative study of photophosphorylation coupling factor-ligand complex by circular dichroism and chemical isolation. Eur J Biochem. 1973; 38(3):473-8. DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1973.tb03082.x. View

17.

Izawa S, Hind G . The kinetics of the pH rise in illuminated chloroplast suspensions. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1967; 143(2):377-90. DOI: 10.1016/0005-2728(67)90091-6. View

18.

Roy H, Moudrianakis E . Synthesis and discharge of the coupling factor.adenosine diphosphate complex in spinach chloroplast lamellae. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1971; 68(11):2720-4. PMC: 389509. DOI: 10.1073/pnas.68.11.2720. View

19.

Gould J, Izawa S . Studies on the energy coupling sites of photophosphorylation. I. Separation of site I and site II by partial reactions of the chloroplast electron transport chain. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1973; 314(2):211-23. DOI: 10.1016/0005-2728(73)90136-9. View

20.

Forti G, ROSA L, Garlaschi F . Synthesis of ADP by isolated "coupling factor" from chloroplasts. FEBS Lett. 1972; 27(1):23-26. DOI: 10.1016/0014-5793(72)80400-9. View