Cardiorenal Syndrome: Refining the Definition of a Complex Symbiosis Gone Wrong

Overview

Journal Intensive Care Med

Specialty Critical Care

Date 2008 Feb 6

PMID 18251008

Citations 74

Authors

Claudio Ronco

Andrew A House

Mikko Haapio

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Background: The term "cardiorenal syndrome" has generally been reserved for declining renal function in the setting of advanced congestive heart failure. Considering the complex and bi-directional relationship between the heart and the kidneys, we postulate refining the definition to recognize the symbiotic nature of these organs.

Discussion: We divide the cardiorenal syndrome into five subtypes: type I, acute cardiorenal syndrome; type II, chronic cardiorenal syndrome; type III, acute renocardiac syndrome; type IV, chronic renocardiac syndrome; and type V, secondary cardiorenal syndrome.

Conclusions: As early recognition of dysfunction in one organ may prove important in mitigating the spiral of co-dysfunction in both, the need for early and treatment-guiding biomarkers, along with their characteristics, are also discussed.

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