Effects of the Converting Enzyme Inhibitor Trandolapril on Short-term Variability of Blood Pressure in Essential Hypertension

Short-term fluctuations in blood pressure and heart rate were analysed in a group of eight males with essential hypertension. Indirect finger blood pressure was measured by a non-invasive device (Finapres). Analogue-to-digital conversion of the blood pressure was used to determine systolic and diastolic blood pressure and heart rate every second. The equidistant sampling allowed a direct spectral analysis using a fast Fourier transformation algorithm. The effect of 7-day administration of the angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor, transolapril (2 mg/day), was assessed in a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled cross-over study. After trandolapril there was a significant reduction in systolic blood pressure levels (-15 mmHg). The reduction in diastolic blood pressure did not reach significance. The standard deviation of systolic and diastolic blood pressure levels were significantly reduced (-20% and -22% for systolic and diastolic respectively). Neither average heart rate nor standard deviations of heart rate time series was affected by the angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor. Spectral analysis of fluctuation in blood pressure showed a reduction in the variability underlying the standard deviation changes of systolic and diastolic blood pressure. Trandolapril selectively reduced the amplitude of systolic and diastolic oscillations in the 66-129 mHz region, corresponding to Mayer waves. The significant decrease in the 10 s period oscillations of blood pressure after chronic angiotensin converting enzyme blockade with trandolapril could reflect reduced sympathetic outflow to vascular smooth muscle.