IRF-1 is Required for Full NF-kappaB Transcriptional Activity at the Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Long Terminal Repeat Enhancer

Overview

Journal J Virol

Publisher American Society for Microbiology

Date 2008 Jan 25

PMID 18216101

Citations 53

Authors

Marco Sgarbanti

Anna L Remoli

Giulia Marsili

Barbara Ridolfi

Alessandra Borsetti

Edvige Perrotti

Roberto Orsatti

Ramona Ilari

Leonardo Sernicola

Emilia Stellacci

Barbara Ensoli

Angela Battistini

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) gene expression is controlled by a complex interplay between viral and host factors. We have previously shown that interferon-regulatory factor 1 (IRF-1) is stimulated early after HIV-1 infection and regulates promoter transcriptional activity even in the absence of the viral transactivator Tat. In this work we demonstrate that IRF-1 is also required for full NF-kappaB transcriptional activity. We provide evidence that IRF-1 and NF-kappaB form a functional complex at the long terminal repeat (LTR) kappaB sites, which is abolished by specific mutations in the two adjacent kappaB sites in the enhancer region. Silencing IRF-1 with small interfering RNA resulted in impaired NF-kappaB-mediated transcriptional activity and in repressed HIV-1 transcription early in de novo-infected T cells. These data indicate that in early phases of HIV-1 infection or during virus reactivation from latency, when the viral transactivator is absent or present at very low levels, IRF-1 is an additional component of the p50/p65 heterodimer binding the LTR enhancer, absolutely required for efficient HIV-1 replication.

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