Developmental Increases in Effective Connectivity to Brain Regions Involved in Phonological Processing During Tasks with Orthographic Demands

Overview

Journal Brain Res

Specialty Neurology

Date 2007 Dec 11

PMID 18068690

Citations 30

Authors

James R Booth

Nitin Mehdiratta

Douglas D Burman

Tali Bitan

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Developmental differences (9- to 15-year-olds) in effective connectivity in left hemisphere regions were examined using dynamic causal modeling (DCM) of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data. Children completed spelling tasks in the visual and auditory modalities in which they were asked to determine if two words were spelled the same from the first vowel onwards. Intrinsic (anatomical) connections were strongest from primary cortical regions to unimodal association areas - from Heschl's gyrus to superior temporal gyrus for the auditory spelling task and from calcarine to fusiform gyrus for the visual spelling task. The modulatory (experimental) effect for the visual spelling task from calcarine to superior temporal gyrus was stronger than all other effects from calcarine and this effect showed a developmental increase, suggesting automatic activation of phonology that increased with age. The modulatory effect from Heschl's gyrus to dorsal inferior frontal gyrus also showed a developmental increase, suggesting age-related increases in phonological segmentation in verbal working memory. All together, these results suggest that there are developmental increases in automatic access into brain regions involved in phonological processing in tasks that require orthographic processing.

Citing Articles

Duplicated Heschl's gyrus associations with phonological decoding.

Eckert M Brain Struct Funct. 2024; 229(9):2137-2147.

PMID: 39012481 PMC: 11612011. DOI: 10.1007/s00429-024-02831-2.

Visual cortex anodal transcranial direct current stimulation does not alter reading performance for Chinese presented character-by-character to normal peripheral vision in older adults.

Lyu A, Silva A, Thompson B, Abel L, Cheong A Front Neurosci. 2024; 18:1341307.

PMID: 38721051 PMC: 11076872. DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2024.1341307.

Cross-Sectional Investigation of Brain Volume in Dyslexia.

Ligges C, Ligges M, Gaser C Front Neurol. 2022; 13:847919.

PMID: 35350399 PMC: 8957969. DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.847919.

Emergent Neuroimaging Findings for Written Expression in Children: A Scoping Review.

Costa L, Spencer S, Hooper S Brain Sci. 2022; 12(3).

PMID: 35326361 PMC: 8945939. DOI: 10.3390/brainsci12030406.

Neural Mechanisms of Dorsal and Ventral Visual Regions during Text Reading.

Zhou W, Wang X, Xia Z, Bi Y, Li P, Shu H Front Psychol. 2016; 7:1399.

PMID: 27695434 PMC: 5023685. DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2016.01399.

References

Booth J, Burman D, Meyer J, Gitelman D, Parrish T, Marsel Mesulam M . Development of brain mechanisms for processing orthographic and phonologic representations. J Cogn Neurosci. 2004; 16(7):1234-49. PMC: 1382289. DOI: 10.1162/0898929041920496. View

Berl M, Vaidya C, Davis Gaillard W . Functional imaging of developmental and adaptive changes in neurocognition. Neuroimage. 2005; 30(3):679-91. DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2005.10.007. View

HUTTENLOCHER P, Dabholkar A . Regional differences in synaptogenesis in human cerebral cortex. J Comp Neurol. 1997; 387(2):167-78. DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1096-9861(19971020)387:2<167::aid-cne1>3.0.co;2-z. View

Woodward T, Cairo T, Ruff C, Takane Y, Hunter M, Ngan E . Functional connectivity reveals load dependent neural systems underlying encoding and maintenance in verbal working memory. Neuroscience. 2005; 139(1):317-25. DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2005.05.043. View

Poldrack R, Wagner A, Prull M, Desmond J, Glover G, Gabrieli J . Functional specialization for semantic and phonological processing in the left inferior prefrontal cortex. Neuroimage. 1999; 10(1):15-35. DOI: 10.1006/nimg.1999.0441. View

Booth J, Perfetti C, Macwhinney B . Quick, automatic, and general activation of orthographic and phonological representations in young readers. Dev Psychol. 1999; 35(1):3-19. DOI: 10.1037/0012-1649.35.1.3. View

Graves W, Grabowski T, Mehta S, Gordon J . A neural signature of phonological access: distinguishing the effects of word frequency from familiarity and length in overt picture naming. J Cogn Neurosci. 2007; 19(4):617-31. DOI: 10.1162/jocn.2007.19.4.617. View

Demb J, Boynton G, Heeger D . Brain activity in visual cortex predicts individual differences in reading performance. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1997; 94(24):13363-6. PMC: 24314. DOI: 10.1073/pnas.94.24.13363. View

Sowell E, Thompson P, Tessner K, Toga A . Mapping continued brain growth and gray matter density reduction in dorsal frontal cortex: Inverse relationships during postadolescent brain maturation. J Neurosci. 2001; 21(22):8819-29. PMC: 6762261. View

10.

Tokunaga H, Nishikawa T, Ikejiri Y, Nakagawa Y, Yasuno F, Hashikawa K . Different neural substrates for Kanji and Kana writing: a PET study. Neuroreport. 1999; 10(16):3315-9. DOI: 10.1097/00001756-199911080-00012. View

11.

Tsukiura T, Fujii T, Takahashi T, Xiao R, Inase M, Iijima T . Neuroanatomical discrimination between manipulating and maintaining processes involved in verbal working memory; a functional MRI study. Brain Res Cogn Brain Res. 2001; 11(1):13-21. DOI: 10.1016/s0926-6410(00)00059-8. View

12.

Sugihara G, Kaminaga T, Sugishita M . Interindividual uniformity and variety of the "Writing center": a functional MRI study. Neuroimage. 2006; 32(4):1837-49. DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2006.05.035. View

13.

Aleman A, Formisano E, Koppenhagen H, Hagoort P, de Haan E, Kahn R . The functional neuroanatomy of metrical stress evaluation of perceived and imagined spoken words. Cereb Cortex. 2004; 15(2):221-8. DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhh124. View

14.

Bitan T, Booth J, Choy J, Burman D, Gitelman D, Mesulam M . Shifts of effective connectivity within a language network during rhyming and spelling. J Neurosci. 2005; 25(22):5397-403. PMC: 1382290. DOI: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0864-05.2005. View

15.

Katanoda K, Yoshikawa K, Sugishita M . A functional MRI study on the neural substrates for writing. Hum Brain Mapp. 2001; 13(1):34-42. PMC: 6871921. DOI: 10.1002/hbm.1023. View

16.

Booth J, Burman D, Meyer J, Gitelman D, Parrish T, Marsel Mesulam M . Functional anatomy of intra- and cross-modal lexical tasks. Neuroimage. 2002; 16(1):7-22. DOI: 10.1006/nimg.2002.1081. View

17.

Romero L, Walsh V, Papagno C . The neural correlates of phonological short-term memory: a repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation study. J Cogn Neurosci. 2006; 18(7):1147-55. DOI: 10.1162/jocn.2006.18.7.1147. View

18.

Desai R, Conant L, Waldron E, Binder J . FMRI of past tense processing: the effects of phonological complexity and task difficulty. J Cogn Neurosci. 2006; 18(2):278-97. PMC: 1679797. DOI: 10.1162/089892906775783633. View

19.

Chen S, Desmond J . Cerebrocerebellar networks during articulatory rehearsal and verbal working memory tasks. Neuroimage. 2005; 24(2):332-8. DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2004.08.032. View

20.

Speece D, Ritchey K . A longitudinal study of the development of oral reading fluency in young children at risk for reading failure. J Learn Disabil. 2005; 38(5):387-99. DOI: 10.1177/00222194050380050201. View