Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Lumbar Spine and Blood Volume in Professional Cyclists

Stimulated hematopoiesis is observed in the bone marrow of endurance-trained athletes by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) independent of the hemoglobin concentration (hematocrit or erythrocyte count) or circulating reticulocytes, but may be related to blood volume (BV). This study determined whether hyperplasia of hematopoietic bone marrow of professional cyclists correlates with their red cell volume (RCV). Twelve male professional cyclists (mean +/- SD; 20.2 +/- 1.4 years, 69.0 +/- 4.5 kg, VO2max 64.4 +/- 4.6 ml/min/kg, BV 7257 +/- 884 ml, RCV 2990 +/- 299 g) completed an MRI of the lumbar spine, a total BV determination using a CO-rebreathing method and a graded exercise testing within two consecutive days. Significant correlations were found between performance and BV data. A significant correlation existed also between the signal intensity of the Turbo inversion-recovery sequence with short inversion time (Turbo-STIR) and BV (r (2) = 0.47, P < 0.05), RCV (r (2) = 0.56, P < 0.05) and plasma volume (r (2) = 0.39, P < 0.05) per kilogram body mass. The present study provides evidence of stimulated erythropoiesis with hyperplasia of the hematopoietic bone marrow of endurance athletes explaining their large RCV.