Herpes Simplex Virus Type 2 Infection Among Young Uncircumcised Men in Kisumu, Kenya

Overview

Journal Sex Transm Infect

Specialty Infectious Diseases

Date 2007 Sep 15

PMID 17855489

Citations 7

Authors

S D Mehta

S Moses

K Agot

W Agingu

C Parker

J O Ndinya-Achola

R C Bailey

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Objectives: To identify factors associated with herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) infection among men aged 18-24 in Kisumu, Kenya.

Methods: Baseline data from a randomised trial of male circumcision were analysed. Participants were interviewed for sociodemographic and behavioural risks. The outcome was HSV-2 by antibody status. Risk factors were considered singly and in combination through logistic regression models.

Results: Among 2771 uncircumcised men, 766 (27.6%; 95% confidence interval (CI) 26.0% to 29.3%) tested antibody positive for HSV-2. The median age at first sex was 16 years, and the median number of lifetime sexual partners was four. HSV-2 seroprevalence increased from 19% among 18-year-olds to 43% among 24-year-olds (p<0.001). In multivariable analysis, statistically significant risks for infection were increasing age (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 1.22-2.58), being married or having a live-in female partner (AOR = 1.80; 95% CI 1.28 to 2.53), preferring "dry" sex (AOR = 1.39; 95% CI 1.14 to 1.69), reported penile cuts or abrasions during sex (AOR = 1.58; 95% CI 1.32 to 1.91), increasing lifetime sex partners (multiple response categories; AORs ranging from 1.65 to 1.97), and non-student occupation (multiple response categories; AORs ranging from 1.44 to 1.93). Risk decreased with reported condom used at last sex (AOR = 0.82; 95% CI 0.68 to 0.99).

Conclusion: Primary prevention efforts should be initiated at an early age. The same behavioural interventions used currently for HIV prevention-abstinence, reducing the number of sex partners and increasing condom use-should be effective for HSV-2 prevention.

Citing Articles

Lost in transition: HIV prevalence and correlates of infection among young people living in post-emergency phase transit camps in Gulu District, Northern Uganda.

Patel S, Schechter M, Sewankambo N, Atim S, Kiwanuka N, Spittal P PLoS One. 2014; 9(2):e89786.

PMID: 24587034 PMC: 3938506. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0089786.

Factors associated with herpes simplex virus type 2 incidence in a cohort of human immunodeficiency virus type 1-seronegative Kenyan men and women reporting high-risk sexual behavior.

Okuku H, Sanders E, Nyiro J, Ngetsa C, Ohuma E, McClelland R Sex Transm Dis. 2011; 38(9):837-44.

PMID: 21844740 PMC: 3157056. DOI: 10.1097/OLQ.0b013e31821a6225.

Fishermen as a Suitable Population for HIV Intervention Trials.

Kwena Z, Cohen C, Sang N, Ngayo M, Ochieng J, Bukusi E AIDS Res Treat. 2011; 2010:865903.

PMID: 21490906 PMC: 3065805. DOI: 10.1155/2010/865903.

A pooled analysis of the effect of condoms in preventing HSV-2 acquisition.

Martin E, Krantz E, Gottlieb S, Magaret A, Langenberg A, Stanberry L Arch Intern Med. 2009; 169(13):1233-40.

PMID: 19597073 PMC: 2860381. DOI: 10.1001/archinternmed.2009.177.

Incident HIV and herpes simplex virus type 2 infection among men in Rakai, Uganda.

Tobian A, Ssempijja V, Kigozi G, Oliver A, Serwadda D, Makumbi F AIDS. 2009; 23(12):1589-94.

PMID: 19474649 PMC: 2715553. DOI: 10.1097/QAD.0b013e32832d4042.

References

Weiss H, Buve A, Robinson N, Van Dyck E, Kahindo M, Anagonou S . The epidemiology of HSV-2 infection and its association with HIV infection in four urban African populations. AIDS. 2001; 15 Suppl 4:S97-108. DOI: 10.1097/00002030-200108004-00011. View

del Mar Pujades Rodriguez M, Obasi A, Mosha F, Todd J, Brown D, Changalucha J . Herpes simplex virus type 2 infection increases HIV incidence: a prospective study in rural Tanzania. AIDS. 2002; 16(3):451-62. DOI: 10.1097/00002030-200202150-00018. View

Eke N . Urological complications of coitus. BJU Int. 2002; 89(3):273-7. DOI: 10.1046/j.1464-4096.2001.01458.x. View

Bailey R, Plummer F, Moses S . Male circumcision and HIV prevention: current knowledge and future research directions. Lancet Infect Dis. 2002; 1(4):223-31. DOI: 10.1016/S1473-3099(01)00117-7. View

Anderson J . Condom use and HIV risk among US adults. Am J Public Health. 2003; 93(6):912-4. PMC: 1447867. DOI: 10.2105/ajph.93.6.912. View

Akwara P, Madise N, Hinde A . Perception of risk of HIV/AIDS and sexual behaviour in Kenya. J Biosoc Sci. 2003; 35(3):385-411. DOI: 10.1017/s0021932003003857. View

H Gray R, Li X, J Wawer M, Serwadda D, Sewankambo N, Wabwire-Mangen F . Determinants of HIV-1 load in subjects with early and later HIV infections, in a general-population cohort of Rakai, Uganda. J Infect Dis. 2004; 189(7):1209-15. DOI: 10.1086/382750. View

Weiss H . Epidemiology of herpes simplex virus type 2 infection in the developing world. Herpes. 2004; 11 Suppl 1:24A-35A. View

Wald A . Herpes simplex virus type 2 transmission: risk factors and virus shedding. Herpes. 2004; 11 Suppl 3:130A-137A. View

10.

Patel R . Educational interventions and the prevention of herpes simplex virus transmission. Herpes. 2004; 11 Suppl 3:155A-160A. View

11.

Mann J, Nzilambi N, Piot P, Bosenge N, Kalala M, Francis H . HIV infection and associated risk factors in female prostitutes in Kinshasa, Zaire. AIDS. 1988; 2(4):249-54. DOI: 10.1097/00002030-198808000-00002. View

12.

Hira S, Mangrola U, Mwale C, Chintu C, Tembo G, Brady W . Apparent vertical transmission of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 by breast-feeding in Zambia. J Pediatr. 1990; 117(3):421-4. DOI: 10.1016/s0022-3476(05)81084-4. View

13.

Schacker T, Zeh J, Hu H, Hill E, Corey L . Frequency of symptomatic and asymptomatic herpes simplex virus type 2 reactivations among human immunodeficiency virus-infected men. J Infect Dis. 1998; 178(6):1616-22. DOI: 10.1086/314486. View

14.

Laumann E, Paik A, Rosen R . Sexual dysfunction in the United States: prevalence and predictors. JAMA. 1999; 281(6):537-44. DOI: 10.1001/jama.281.6.537. View

15.

Fleming D, Wasserheit J . From epidemiological synergy to public health policy and practice: the contribution of other sexually transmitted diseases to sexual transmission of HIV infection. Sex Transm Infect. 1999; 75(1):3-17. PMC: 1758168. DOI: 10.1136/sti.75.1.3. View

16.

Celum C, Robinson N, Cohen M . Potential effect of HIV type 1 antiretroviral and herpes simplex virus type 2 antiviral therapy on transmission and acquisition of HIV type 1 infection. J Infect Dis. 2005; 191 Suppl 1:S107-14. DOI: 10.1086/425272. View

17.

Verma S . Coital penile trauma with severe paraphimosis. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2005; 19(1):134-5. DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-3083.2004.00955.x. View

18.

Sizemore Jr J, Lakeman F, Whitley R, Hughes A, Hook 3rd E . Historical correlates of genital herpes simplex virus type 2 infection in men attending an STD clinic. Sex Transm Infect. 2005; 81(4):303-5. PMC: 1745024. DOI: 10.1136/sti.2004.011957. View

19.

Myer L, Kuhn L, Stein Z, Wright Jr T, Denny L . Intravaginal practices, bacterial vaginosis, and women's susceptibility to HIV infection: epidemiological evidence and biological mechanisms. Lancet Infect Dis. 2005; 5(12):786-94. DOI: 10.1016/S1473-3099(05)70298-X. View

20.

Aoki F, Tyring S, Diaz-Mitoma F, Gross G, Gao J, Hamed K . Single-day, patient-initiated famciclovir therapy for recurrent genital herpes: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Clin Infect Dis. 2005; 42(1):8-13. DOI: 10.1086/498521. View