High Prevalence of Asymptomatic Vitamin D and Iron Deficiency in East African Immigrant Children and Adolescents Living in a Temperate Climate

Overview

Journal Arch Dis Child

Specialty Pediatrics

Date 2007 Sep 5

PMID 17768148

Citations 36

Authors

George McGillivray

Susan A Skull

Gabrielle Davie

Sarah E Kofoed

Alexis Frydenberg

James Rice

Regina Cooke

Jonathan R Carapetis

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Objectives: Vitamin D deficiency (VDD) is common in immigrant children with increased skin pigmentation living in higher latitudes. We assessed the pattern of and risk factors for VDD in immigrant East African children living in Melbourne (latitude 37 degrees 49' South).

Study Design: A prospective survey of 232 East African children attending a clinic in Melbourne. Data were collected by questionnaire, medical assessment and laboratory tests.

Results: Low 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25-OHD) levels (<50 nmol/l) occurred in 87% of children, and VDD (25-OHD <25 nmol/l) in 44%. Risk factors included age <5 years, female gender, increased time in Australia, decreased daylight exposure and winter/spring season. Anaemia (20%), vitamin A deficiency (20%) and iron deficiency (19%) were also identified.

Conclusions: Asymptomatic VDD is common in East African immigrant children residing at a temperate latitude. Risk factors for VDD limit endogenous vitamin D production. Screening of immigrant children with increased skin pigmentation for VDD, anaemia, iron and vitamin A deficiency is appropriate. VDD in adolescent females identifies an increased risk of future infants with VDD.

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