Treatment to Improve Self-awareness in Persons with Acquired Brain Injury

Aim: To examine the effects of an awareness training protocol embedded within the practice of instrumental activities of daily living (IADLs) in participants with acquired brain injury on levels of self-awareness and functional performance.

Methods: This study used a randomized control trial design: 10 participants with moderate-to-severe brain injury received six sessions of the self-awareness training while they performed IADLs (experimental group) and 10 participants performed the same IADLs but received conventional therapeutic practice (control group). In the experimental group, participants were asked to predict their performance before each task performance and to estimate their performance level after the performance.

Outcome Measures: Pre- and post-intervention outcome measures taken from the two groups were compared. Instruments were standardized measures of 'general' self-awareness with collateral reports by informants (e.g. Awareness Questionnaire); 'task-specific' self-awareness (e.g. Assessment of Awareness of Disability) and Self-Regulation Skills Inventory (SRSI). Performance on IADLs was assessed using the Assessment of Motor and Process Skills (AMPS).

Results: Compared to the control group, the intervention significantly improved IADL performances and self-regulation. No significant treatment effect was observed for task-specific self-awareness, general self-awareness or community integration.

Conclusions: The self-awareness intervention significantly but selectively improved self-awareness during IADL task performance as well as functional performance. The need for a larger study with more treatment sessions is discussed.