An Essential Role for 14-3-3 Proteins in Brassinosteroid Signal Transduction in Arabidopsis

Overview

Journal Dev Cell

Publisher Cell Press

Specialties Cell Biology
Reproductive Medicine

Date 2007 Aug 8

PMID 17681130

Citations 227

Authors

Srinivas S Gampala

Tae-Wuk Kim

Jun-Xian He

Wenqiang Tang

Zhiping Deng

Mingyi-Yi Bai

Shenheng Guan

Sylvie Lalonde

Ying Sun

Joshua M Gendron

Huanjing Chen

Nakako Shibagaki

Robert J Ferl

David Ehrhardt

Kang Chong

Alma L Burlingame

Zhi-Yong Wang

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Brassinosteroids (BRs) are essential hormones for plant growth and development. BRs regulate gene expression by inducing dephosphorylation of two key transcription factors, BZR1 and BZR2/BES1, through a signal transduction pathway that involves cell-surface receptors (BRI1 and BAK1) and a GSK3 kinase (BIN2). How BR-regulated phosphorylation controls the activities of BZR1/BZR2 is not fully understood. Here, we show that BIN2-catalyzed phosphorylation of BZR1/BZR2 not only inhibits DNA binding, but also promotes binding to the 14-3-3 proteins. Mutations of a BIN2-phosphorylation site in BZR1 abolish 14-3-3 binding and lead to increased nuclear localization of BZR1 protein and enhanced BR responses in transgenic plants. Further, BR deficiency increases cytoplasmic localization, and BR treatment induces rapid nuclear localization of BZR1/BZR2. Thus, 14-3-3 binding is required for efficient inhibition of phosphorylated BR transcription factors, largely through cytoplasmic retention. This study demonstrates that multiple mechanisms are required for BR regulation of gene expression and plant growth.

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