SOS1 is the Second Most Common Noonan Gene but Plays No Major Role in Cardio-facio-cutaneous Syndrome

Overview

Journal J Med Genet

Specialty Genetics

Date 2007 Jun 26

PMID 17586837

Citations 37

Authors

Martin Zenker

Denise Horn

Dagmar Wieczorek

Judith Allanson

Silke Pauli

Ineke van der Burgt

Helmuth-Guenther Doerr

Harald Gaspar

Michael Hofbeck

Gabriele Gillessen-Kaesbach

Andreas Koch

Peter Meinecke

Stefan Mundlos

Anja Nowka

Anita Rauch

Silke Reif

Christian von Schnakenburg

Heide Seidel

Lars-Erik Wehner

Christiane Zweier

Susanne Bauhuber

Verena Matejas

Christian P Kratz

Christoph Thomas

Kerstin Kutsche

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Background: Heterozygous gain-of-function mutations in various genes encoding proteins of the Ras-MAPK signalling cascade have been identified as the genetic basis of Noonan syndrome (NS) and cardio-facio-cutaneous syndrome (CFCS). Mutations of SOS1, the gene encoding a guanine nucleotide exchange factor for Ras, have been the most recent discoveries in patients with NS, but this gene has not been studied in patients with CFCS.

Methods And Results: We investigated SOS1 in a large cohort of patients with disorders of the NS-CFCS spectrum, who had previously tested negative for mutations in PTPN11, KRAS, BRAF, MEK1 and MEK2. Missense mutations of SOS1 were discovered in 28% of patients with NS. In contrast, none of the patients classified as having CFCS was found to carry a pathogenic sequence change in this gene.

Conclusion: We have confirmed SOS1 as the second major gene for NS. Patients carrying mutations in this gene have a distinctive phenotype with frequent ectodermal anomalies such as keratosis pilaris and curly hair. However, the clinical picture associated with SOS1 mutations is different from that of CFCS. These findings corroborate that, despite being caused by gain-of-function mutations in molecules belonging to the same pathway, NS and CFCS scarcely overlap genotypically.

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