Obesity by Choice Revisited: Effects of Food Availability, Flavor Variety and Nutrient Composition on Energy Intake

Overview

Journal Physiol Behav

Specialties Physiology
Psychiatry
Psychology
Social Sciences

Date 2007 May 26

PMID 17524435

Citations 12

Authors

Karen Ackroff

Kristine Bonacchi

Michael Magee

Yeh-Min Yiin

Jonathan V Graves

Anthony Sclafani

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Recent work suggested that the energy intake and weight gain of rats maintained on chow and 32% sucrose solution could be increased by simply offering more sources of sucrose [Tordoff M.G. Obesity by choice: the powerful influence of nutrient availability on nutrient intake. Am J Physiol 2002;282:R1536-R1539.]. In Experiment 1 this procedure was replicated but the effect was not: rats given one bottle of sucrose and five bottles of water consumed as much sucrose as those given five bottles of sucrose and one of water. Adding different flavors to the sucrose did not increase intakes further in Experiment 2. The relative potency of sucrose and other optional foods was studied in Experiment 3. Sucrose solution stimulated more overeating and weight gain than fat (vegetable shortening), and offering both sucrose and shortening did not generate further increases in energy intake. Finally, foods commonly used to produce overeating and weight gain were compared. Sucrose was less effective than a high-fat milk diet, and offering cookies in addition to the milk did not increase energy intake further. The nature of optional foods (nutrient composition and physical form) was markedly more important than the number of food sources available to the animals, and is a better contender as the reason for "obesity by choice".

Citing Articles

The Nature of Available Choices Affects the Intake and Meal Patterns of Rats Offered a Palatable Cafeteria-Style Diet.

Cawthon C, Spector A Nutrients. 2023; 15(24).

PMID: 38140351 PMC: 10745827. DOI: 10.3390/nu15245093.

Effects of flavour variety on the intake and palatability of commercial feed in nursery pigs.

Huenul E, Salazar L, Frias D, Videka M, Luna D, Dwyer D Front Vet Sci. 2023; 10:1218198.

PMID: 37711435 PMC: 10498925. DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1218198.

A new apparatus to analyze meal-related ingestive behaviors in rats fed a complex multi-food diet.

Blonde G, Fletcher F, Tang T, Newsome R, Spector A Physiol Behav. 2022; 252:113824.

PMID: 35472328 PMC: 10544710. DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2022.113824.

Ileal Transposition in Rats Reduces Energy Intake, Body Weight, and Body Fat Most Efficaciously When Ingesting a High-Protein Diet.

Somogyi E, Sigalet D, Adrian T, Nyakas C, Hoornenborg C, van Beek A Obes Surg. 2020; 30(7):2729-2742.

PMID: 32342267 PMC: 7260147. DOI: 10.1007/s11695-020-04565-6.

Chronic exposure to liquid sucrose and dry sucrose diet have differential effects on peripheral taste responses in female rats.

McCluskey L, He L, Dong G, Harris R Appetite. 2019; 145:104499.

PMID: 31669578 PMC: 7953591. DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2019.104499.

References

Sclafani A, Springer D . Dietary obesity in adult rats: similarities to hypothalamic and human obesity syndromes. Physiol Behav. 1976; 17(3):461-71. DOI: 10.1016/0031-9384(76)90109-8. View

Warwick Z, Synowski S, Bell K . Dietary fat content affects energy intake and weight gain independent of diet caloric density in rats. Physiol Behav. 2002; 77(1):85-90. DOI: 10.1016/s0031-9384(02)00816-8. View

Hirsch E, Ball E, Godkin L . Sex differences in the effects of voluntary activity on sucrose-induced obesity. Physiol Behav. 1982; 29(2):253-62. DOI: 10.1016/0031-9384(82)90012-9. View

Sclafani A . Carbohydrate-induced hyperphagia and obesity in the rat: effects of saccharide type, form, and taste. Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 1987; 11(2):155-62. DOI: 10.1016/s0149-7634(87)80020-9. View

Sclafani A . Carbohydrate taste, appetite, and obesity: an overview. Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 1987; 11(2):131-53. View

Lucas F, Ackroff K, Sclafani A . High-fat diet preference and overeating mediated by postingestive factors in rats. Am J Physiol. 1998; 275(5):R1511-22. DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.1998.275.5.R1511. View

Warwick Z, McGuire C, Bowen K, Synowski S . Behavioral components of high-fat diet hyperphagia: meal size and postprandial satiety. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol. 2000; 278(1):R196-200. DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.2000.278.1.R196. View

Hile A, Tordoff M . Influence of the number of repellent-treated and untreated food or water containers on intake by the European starling. Appetite. 2005; 45(1):81-5. DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2005.03.009. View

Dimitriou S, Rice H, Corwin R . Effects of limited access to a fat option on food intake and body composition in female rats. Int J Eat Disord. 2000; 28(4):436-45. DOI: 10.1002/1098-108x(200012)28:4<436::aid-eat12>3.0.co;2-p. View

10.

Warwick Z, Weingarten H . Determinants of high-fat diet hyperphagia: experimental dissection of orosensory and postingestive effects. Am J Physiol. 1995; 269(1 Pt 2):R30-7. DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.1995.269.1.R30. View

11.

Ackroff K, Sclafani A . Sucrose-induced hyperphagia and obesity in rats fed a macronutrient self-selection diet. Physiol Behav. 1988; 44(2):181-7. DOI: 10.1016/0031-9384(88)90135-7. View

12.

Warwick Z . Dietary fat dose dependently increases spontaneous caloric intake in rat. Obes Res. 2003; 11(7):859-64. DOI: 10.1038/oby.2003.118. View

13.

Corwin R, Wojnicki F, Fisher J, Dimitriou S, Rice H, Young M . Limited access to a dietary fat option affects ingestive behavior but not body composition in male rats. Physiol Behav. 1999; 65(3):545-53. DOI: 10.1016/s0031-9384(98)00201-7. View

14.

Collier G, Johnson D, Cybulski K, McHale C . Activity patterns in rats (Rattus norvegicus) as a function of the cost of access to four resources. J Comp Psychol. 1990; 104(1):53-65. DOI: 10.1037/0735-7036.104.1.53. View

15.

Magnen J . Increased food intake induced in rats by changes in the satiating sensory input from food (first published in French in 1956). Appetite. 1999; 33(1):33-5. DOI: 10.1006/appe.1999.0257. View

16.

Rolls B, Rowe E, Turner R . Persistent obesity in rats following a period of consumption of a mixed, high energy diet. J Physiol. 1980; 298:415-27. PMC: 1279126. DOI: 10.1113/jphysiol.1980.sp013091. View

17.

Rolls B, van Duijvenvoorde P, Rowe E . Variety in the diet enhances intake in a meal and contributes to the development of obesity in the rat. Physiol Behav. 1983; 31(1):21-7. DOI: 10.1016/0031-9384(83)90091-4. View

18.

Ellison G . Stress and alcohol intake: the socio-pharmacological approach. Physiol Behav. 1987; 40(3):387-92. DOI: 10.1016/0031-9384(87)90066-7. View

19.

Ramirez I . When does sucrose increase appetite and adiposity?. Appetite. 1987; 9(1):1-19. DOI: 10.1016/0195-6663(87)90049-3. View

20.

McCrory M, Fuss P, Saltzman E, Roberts S . Dietary determinants of energy intake and weight regulation in healthy adults. J Nutr. 2000; 130(2S Suppl):276S-279S. DOI: 10.1093/jn/130.2.276S. View