Recipient Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Serum Levels Predict Primary Lung Graft Dysfunction

Primary graft dysfunction (PGD) is a severe complication in lung transplantation. Therapeutic strategies are limited and there exist no predictive markers for PGD. To investigate whether vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) that regulates vascular permeability could predict PGD, pretransplant VEGF serum concentrations were measured in 150 lung transplant patients and 12 controls by ELISA. PGD was scored from 0 to 3 using chest radiographs and PaO(2)/FiO(2) ratios according to the International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation guidelines. The mean graft ischemia time was 5 h 47 min and the donors' PaO(2)/FiO(2) ratios were >300. PGD grades 0-3 occurred in 23%, 44%, 21%, and 11% of patients, respectively. Pre-operative VEGF serum concentrations were significantly higher in PGD grade 3 (p < 0.0001) versus grade 0-2 and controls. VEGF concentrations significantly predicted PGD grade 3 versus 0-2 in logistic regression analysis (p < 0.0001) and receiver operating analysis (AUC = 0.778). At a cut-off level of > or =650 pg/mL VEGF had 86% sensitivity and 62% specificity to identify PGD grade 3 versus 0-2. Pre-operative VEGF serum concentrations could identify lung transplant recipients with high PGD risk.