Hyponatremia, Hypophosphatemia, and Hypouricemia in a Girl with Macrophage Activation Syndrome

Macrophage activation syndrome, a life-threatening complication of rheumatic disorders, is accompanied by the overproduction of cytokines. We describe a girl with macrophage activation syndrome complicating systemic-onset juvenile arthritis who developed hyponatremia, hypophosphatemia, and hypouricemia associated with a high level of serum tumor necrosis factor alpha. Renal proximal tubule dysfunction was considered to be the cause, which may be attributable to tumor necrosis factor alpha.