Two Divergently Transcribed Genes, SoxR and SoxS, Control a Superoxide Response Regulon of Escherichia Coli

Overview

Journal J Bacteriol

Publisher American Society for Microbiology

Specialty Microbiology

Date 1991 May 1

PMID 1708380

Citations 100

Authors

J Wu

B Weiss

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

soxR governs a superoxide response regulon that contains the genes for endonuclease IV, Mn2(+)-superoxide dismutase, and glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase. The soxR gene encodes a 17-kDa protein; some mutations of this gene cause constitutive overexpression of the regulon. Induction by paraquat (methyl viologen) requires both soxR and a new gene, soxS. soxS is adjacent to soxR, it encodes a 13-kDa protein, and it is required for paraquat resistance. These functions were revealed by studies in which the sequence of the 1.1-kb soxR-soxS region was determined, the 5' ends of the mRNAs were mapped, and complementation tests were performed with soxRS plasmids containing deletions of known sequence. The two genes are divergently transcribed, and the transcripts overlap. The soxS promoter is within the 85-nucleotide intergenic region, whereas the soxR promoter is within soxS. soxS mRNA increases after induction. Both protein products have possible DNA-binding (helix-turn-helix) domains. SoxR contains four cysteines (CX2CXCX5C) that might be part of a sensor region. SoxS shows 17 to 31% homology to the C-terminal portions of members of the AraC family of positive regulators.

Citing Articles

Functional Characterization of RseC in the SoxR Reducing System and Its Role in Oxidative Stress Response in .

Lee K, Lee J, Kim Y, Roe J J Microbiol Biotechnol. 2024; 34(12):2547-2554.

PMID: 39631780 PMC: 11729352. DOI: 10.4014/jmb.2410.10007.

Bicyclomycin generates ROS and blocks cell division in Escherichia coli.

Prakash A, Dutta D PLoS One. 2024; 19(3):e0293858.

PMID: 38551933 PMC: 10980228. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0293858.

Mapping direct and indirect MarA/SoxS/Rob/RamA regulons in Typhimurium reveals repression of and biofilm formation.

Middlemiss A, Haycocks J, Stringer A, Piddock L, Wade J, Grainger D Microbiology (Reading). 2023; 169(5).

PMID: 37204124 PMC: 10268841. DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.001330.

Plasma-Generated Nitric Oxide Water Mediates Environmentally Transmitted Pathogenic Bacterial Inactivation via Intracellular Nitrosative Stress.

Borkar S, Negi M, Kaushik N, Munnaf S, Nguyen L, Choi E Int J Mol Sci. 2023; 24(3).

PMID: 36768225 PMC: 9915551. DOI: 10.3390/ijms24031901.

Plasticity and Stereotypic Rewiring of the Transcriptome Upon Bacterial Evolution of Antibiotic Resistance.

Grezal G, Spohn R, Mehi O, Dunai A, Lazar V, Balint B Mol Biol Evol. 2023; 40(2).

PMID: 36718533 PMC: 9927579. DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msad020.

References

Lundrigan M, Friedrich M, Kadner R . Nucleotide sequence of the Escherichia coli porin thermoregulatory gene envY. Nucleic Acids Res. 1989; 17(2):800. PMC: 331625. DOI: 10.1093/nar/17.2.800. View

Mulligan M, McClure W . Analysis of the occurrence of promoter-sites in DNA. Nucleic Acids Res. 1986; 14(1):109-26. PMC: 339360. DOI: 10.1093/nar/14.1.109. View

Cornelis G, Sluiters C, de Rouvroit C, Michiels T . Homology between virF, the transcriptional activator of the Yersinia virulence regulon, and AraC, the Escherichia coli arabinose operon regulator. J Bacteriol. 1989; 171(1):254-62. PMC: 209580. DOI: 10.1128/jb.171.1.254-262.1989. View

Braus G, Argast M, Beck C . Identification of additional genes on transposon Tn10: tetC and tetD. J Bacteriol. 1984; 160(2):504-9. PMC: 214762. DOI: 10.1128/jb.160.2.504-509.1984. View

Schollmeier K, Hillen W . Transposon Tn10 contains two structural genes with opposite polarity between tetA and IS10R. J Bacteriol. 1984; 160(2):499-503. PMC: 214761. DOI: 10.1128/jb.160.2.499-503.1984. View

Tobin J, Schleif R . Positive regulation of the Escherichia coli L-rhamnose operon is mediated by the products of tandemly repeated regulatory genes. J Mol Biol. 1987; 196(4):789-99. DOI: 10.1016/0022-2836(87)90405-0. View

Ronson C, Nixon B, Ausubel F . Conserved domains in bacterial regulatory proteins that respond to environmental stimuli. Cell. 1987; 49(5):579-81. DOI: 10.1016/0092-8674(87)90530-7. View

Engelman D, Steitz T, Goldman A . Identifying nonpolar transbilayer helices in amino acid sequences of membrane proteins. Annu Rev Biophys Biophys Chem. 1986; 15:321-53. DOI: 10.1146/annurev.bb.15.060186.001541. View

Dale R, McClure B, Houchins J . A rapid single-stranded cloning strategy for producing a sequential series of overlapping clones for use in DNA sequencing: application to sequencing the corn mitochondrial 18 S rDNA. Plasmid. 1985; 13(1):31-40. DOI: 10.1016/0147-619x(85)90053-8. View

10.

Touati D . Transcriptional and posttranscriptional regulation of manganese superoxide dismutase biosynthesis in Escherichia coli, studied with operon and protein fusions. J Bacteriol. 1988; 170(6):2511-20. PMC: 211164. DOI: 10.1128/jb.170.6.2511-2520.1988. View

11.

Beck C, Warren R . Divergent promoters, a common form of gene organization. Microbiol Rev. 1988; 52(3):318-26. PMC: 373147. DOI: 10.1128/mr.52.3.318-326.1988. View

12.

Cole S, Eiglmeier K, Ahmed S, Honore N, Elmes L, Anderson W . Nucleotide sequence and gene-polypeptide relationships of the glpABC operon encoding the anaerobic sn-glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase of Escherichia coli K-12. J Bacteriol. 1988; 170(6):2448-56. PMC: 211154. DOI: 10.1128/jb.170.6.2448-2456.1988. View

13.

Greenberg J, Demple B . A global response induced in Escherichia coli by redox-cycling agents overlaps with that induced by peroxide stress. J Bacteriol. 1989; 171(7):3933-9. PMC: 210145. DOI: 10.1128/jb.171.7.3933-3939.1989. View

14.

Saporito S, Cunningham R . Nucleotide sequence of the nfo gene of Escherichia coli K-12. J Bacteriol. 1988; 170(11):5141-5. PMC: 211582. DOI: 10.1128/jb.170.11.5141-5145.1988. View

15.

Atlung T, Nielsen A, Hansen F . Isolation, characterization, and nucleotide sequence of appY, a regulatory gene for growth-phase-dependent gene expression in Escherichia coli. J Bacteriol. 1989; 171(3):1683-91. PMC: 209798. DOI: 10.1128/jb.171.3.1683-1691.1989. View

16.

Walkup L, Kogoma T . Escherichia coli proteins inducible by oxidative stress mediated by the superoxide radical. J Bacteriol. 1989; 171(3):1476-84. PMC: 209769. DOI: 10.1128/jb.171.3.1476-1484.1989. View

17.

Gottesman S, Squires C, Pichersky E, Carrington M, Hobbs M, Mattick J . Conservation of the regulatory subunit for the Clp ATP-dependent protease in prokaryotes and eukaryotes. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1990; 87(9):3513-7. PMC: 53931. DOI: 10.1073/pnas.87.9.3513. View

18.

Tsaneva I, Weiss B . soxR, a locus governing a superoxide response regulon in Escherichia coli K-12. J Bacteriol. 1990; 172(8):4197-205. PMC: 213242. DOI: 10.1128/jb.172.8.4197-4205.1990. View

19.

Greenberg J, Monach P, Chou J, Josephy P, Demple B . Positive control of a global antioxidant defense regulon activated by superoxide-generating agents in Escherichia coli. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1990; 87(16):6181-5. PMC: 54496. DOI: 10.1073/pnas.87.16.6181. View

20.

Zhang X, Ebright R . Identification of a contact between arginine-180 of the catabolite gene activator protein (CAP) and base pair 5 of the DNA site in the CAP-DNA complex. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1990; 87(12):4717-21. PMC: 54188. DOI: 10.1073/pnas.87.12.4717. View