Lower Levels of Plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D Among Young Adults at Diagnosis of Autoimmune Type 1 Diabetes Compared with Control Subjects: Results from the Nationwide Diabetes Incidence Study in Sweden (DISS)

Overview

Journal Diabetologia

Specialty Endocrinology

Date 2006 Oct 31

PMID 17072585

Citations 106

Authors

B Littorin

P Blom

A Scholin

H J Arnqvist

G Blohme

J Bolinder

A Ekbom-Schnell

J W Eriksson

S Gudbjornsdottir

L Nystrom

J Ostman

G Sundkvist

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Aims/hypothesis: Low plasma vitamin D concentrations may promote the development of type 1 diabetes. To test this hypothesis, we measured plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) in young adults with type 1 diabetes.

Methods: The nationwide Diabetes Incidence Study in Sweden (DISS) covers 15- to 34-year-old people with newly diagnosed diabetes. Blood samples at diagnosis were collected during the 2-year period 1987/1988. Patients with islet antibodies (islet cell antibodies, GAD antibodies or tyrosine phosphatase-like protein antibodies) were defined as having autoimmune type 1 diabetes. Plasma 25OHD was measured in samples taken from 459 patients at the time of diagnosis, and in 138 of these subjects 8 years later. The results were compared with age- and sex-matched control subjects (n=208).

Results: At diagnosis, plasma 25OHD levels were significantly lower in patients with type 1 diabetes than in control subjects (82.5+/-1.3 vs 96.7+/-2.0 nmol/l; p<0.0001). Eight years later, plasma 25OHD had decreased in patients (81.5+/-2.6 nmol/l; p=0.04). Plasma 25OHD levels were significantly lower in diabetic men than in diabetic women at diagnosis (77.9+/-1.4 vs 90.1+/-2.4 nmol/l; p<0.0001) and at follow-up (77.1+/-2.8 nmol/l vs 87.2+/-4.5 nmol/l; p=0.048).

Conclusions/interpretation: The plasma 25OHD level was lower at diagnosis of autoimmune type 1 diabetes than in control subjects, and may have a role in the development of type 1 diabetes. Plasma 25OHD levels were lower in men than in women with type 1 diabetes. This difference may be relevant to the high incidence of type 1 diabetes among young adult men.

Citing Articles

Dietary Modulation of the Immune System.

Mendez Lopez L, Gonzalez Llerena J, Vazquez Rodriguez J, Medellin Guerrero A, Gonzalez Martinez B, Solis Perez E Nutrients. 2025; 16(24.

PMID: 39770983 PMC: 11676904. DOI: 10.3390/nu16244363.

Sex-specific relationship between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations and antinuclear antibodies in U.S. adults, NHANES 2001-2004.

Gui Z, Li S, Yu H, Chang L, Chang Y BMC Immunol. 2024; 25(1):81.

PMID: 39617883 PMC: 11610096. DOI: 10.1186/s12865-024-00672-6.

Unveiling the Interplay-Vitamin D and ACE-2 Molecular Interactions in Mitigating Complications and Deaths from SARS-CoV-2.

Wimalawansa S Biology (Basel). 2024; 13(10).

PMID: 39452140 PMC: 11504239. DOI: 10.3390/biology13100831.

Multifaceted Roles of Vitamin D for Diabetes: From Immunomodulatory Functions to Metabolic Regulations.

Park C, Shin S, Han S Nutrients. 2024; 16(18).

PMID: 39339785 PMC: 11435169. DOI: 10.3390/nu16183185.

Evaluation of serum vitamin D metabolites, phagocytosis, and biomarkers of inflammation in dogs with naturally occurring diabetes mellitus.

Jaffey J, Backus R, Kreisler R, Graves T, Al-Nakkash L, Allison L Front Vet Sci. 2024; 11:1441993.

PMID: 39234180 PMC: 11371797. DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2024.1441993.

References

Scholin A, Bjorklund L, Borg H, Arnqvist H, Bjork E, Blohme G . Islet antibodies and remaining beta-cell function 8 years after diagnosis of diabetes in young adults: a prospective follow-up of the nationwide Diabetes Incidence Study in Sweden. J Intern Med. 2004; 255(3):384-91. DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2796.2003.01273.x. View

Isaia G, Giorgino R, Adami S . High prevalence of hypovitaminosis D in female type 2 diabetic population. Diabetes Care. 2001; 24(8):1496. DOI: 10.2337/diacare.24.8.1496. View

. Effects of insulin in relatives of patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus. N Engl J Med. 2002; 346(22):1685-91. DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa012350. View

Zerwekh J . The measurement of vitamin D: analytical aspects. Ann Clin Biochem. 2004; 41(Pt 4):272-81. DOI: 10.1258/0004563041201464. View

Holick M . Sunlight and vitamin D for bone health and prevention of autoimmune diseases, cancers, and cardiovascular disease. Am J Clin Nutr. 2004; 80(6 Suppl):1678S-88S. DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/80.6.1678S. View

Giarratana N, Penna G, Amuchastegui S, Mariani R, Daniel K, Adorini L . A vitamin D analog down-regulates proinflammatory chemokine production by pancreatic islets inhibiting T cell recruitment and type 1 diabetes development. J Immunol. 2004; 173(4):2280-7. DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.173.4.2280. View

Zella J, Deluca H . Vitamin D and autoimmune diabetes. J Cell Biochem. 2003; 88(2):216-22. DOI: 10.1002/jcb.10347. View

Graham J, Kockum I, Sanjeevi C, Landin-Olsson M, Nystrom L, Sundkvist G . Negative association between type 1 diabetes and HLA DQB1*0602-DQA1*0102 is attenuated with age at onset. Swedish Childhood Diabetes Study Group. Eur J Immunogenet. 1999; 26(2-3):117-27. View

Littorin B, Sundkvist G, Hagopian W, Landin-Olsson M, Lernmark A, Ostman J . Islet cell and glutamic acid decarboxylase antibodies present at diagnosis of diabetes predict the need for insulin treatment. A cohort study in young adults whose disease was initially labeled as type 2 or unclassifiable diabetes. Diabetes Care. 1999; 22(3):409-12. DOI: 10.2337/diacare.22.3.409. View

10.

Olsson M, Sundkvist G, Lernmark A . Prolonged incubation in the two-colour immunofluorescence test increases the prevalence and titres of islet cell antibodies in type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus. Diabetologia. 1987; 30(5):327-32. DOI: 10.1007/BF00299026. View

11.

Borissova A, Tankova T, Kirilov G, Dakovska L, Kovacheva R . The effect of vitamin D3 on insulin secretion and peripheral insulin sensitivity in type 2 diabetic patients. Int J Clin Pract. 2003; 57(4):258-61. View

12.

Nystrom L, Dahlquist G, Ostman J, Wall S, Arnqvist H, Blohme G . Risk of developing insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) before 35 years of age: indications of climatological determinants for age at onset. Int J Epidemiol. 1992; 21(2):352-8. DOI: 10.1093/ije/21.2.352. View

13.

Rewers M, Norris J, Dabelea D . Epidemiology of type 1 Diabetes Mellitus. Adv Exp Med Biol. 2004; 552:219-46. View

14.

Strugnell S, DeLuca H . The vitamin D receptor--structure and transcriptional activation. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med. 1997; 215(3):223-8. DOI: 10.3181/00379727-215-44131. View

15.

Mathieu C, Gysemans C, Giulietti A, Bouillon R . Vitamin D and diabetes. Diabetologia. 2005; 48(7):1247-57. DOI: 10.1007/s00125-005-1802-7. View

16.

Chiu K, Chu A, Go V, Saad M . Hypovitaminosis D is associated with insulin resistance and beta cell dysfunction. Am J Clin Nutr. 2004; 79(5):820-5. DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/79.5.820. View

17.

Borg H, Fernlund P, Sundkvist G . Measurement of antibodies against glutamic acid decarboxylase 65 (GADA): two new 125I assays compared with [35S]GAD 65-ligand binding assay. Clin Chem. 1997; 43(5):779-85. View

18.

Zemunik T, Skrabic V, Boraska V, Diklic D, Marinovic Terzic I, capkun V . FokI polymorphism, vitamin D receptor, and interleukin-1 receptor haplotypes are associated with type 1 diabetes in the Dalmatian population. J Mol Diagn. 2005; 7(5):600-4. PMC: 1867554. DOI: 10.1016/S1525-1578(10)60593-4. View

19.

Stene L, Ulriksen J, Magnus P, Joner G . Use of cod liver oil during pregnancy associated with lower risk of Type I diabetes in the offspring. Diabetologia. 2000; 43(9):1093-8. DOI: 10.1007/s001250051499. View

20.

Ostman J, Arnqvist H, Blohme G, Lithner F, Littorin B, Nystrom L . Epidemiology of diabetes mellitus in Sweden. Results of the first year of a prospective study in the population age group 15-34 years. Acta Med Scand. 1986; 220(5):437-45. View