Cellular Immune Responses in Children and Adults Receiving Inactivated or Live Attenuated Influenza Vaccines

Overview

Journal J Virol

Publisher American Society for Microbiology

Date 2006 Sep 15

PMID 16971435

Citations 175

Authors

Xiao-Song He

Tyson H Holmes

Caiqiu Zhang

Kutubuddin Mahmood

George W Kemble

David B Lewis

Cornelia L Dekker

Harry B Greenberg

Ann M Arvin

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

The patterns of cellular immune responses induced by live attenuated influenza vaccine (LAIV) versus those of the trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine (TIV) have not been studied extensively, especially in children. The goals of this study were to evaluate the effects of TIV and LAIV immunization on cellular immunity to live influenza A virus in children and adults and to explore factors associated with variations in responses to influenza vaccines among individuals. A gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) flow cytometry assay was used to measure IFN-gamma-producing (IFN-gamma+) NK and T cells in peripheral blood mononuclear cell cultures stimulated with a live influenza A virus strain before and after LAIV or TIV immunization of children and adults. The mean percentages of influenza A virus-specific IFN-gamma+ CD4 and CD8 T cells increased significantly after LAIV, but not TIV, immunization in children aged 5 to 9 years. No increases in the mean levels of influenza A virus-reactive IFN-gamma+ T cells and NK cells were observed in adults given LAIV or TIV. TIV induced a significant increase in influenza A virus-reactive T cells in 6-month- to 4-year-old children; LAIV was not evaluated in this age group. The postvaccination changes (n-fold) in the percentages of influenza A virus-reactive IFN-gamma+ T and NK cells in adults were highly variable and correlated inversely with the prevaccination percentages, in particular with that of the CD56(dim) NK cell subset. In conclusion, our findings identify age, type of vaccine, and prevaccination levels of immune reactivity to influenza A virus as factors significantly associated with the magnitude of cellular immune responses to influenza vaccines.

Citing Articles

Multifaceted virus-like particles: Navigating towards broadly effective influenza A virus vaccines.

Norizwan J, Tan W Curr Res Microb Sci. 2024; 8:100317.

PMID: 39717209 PMC: 11665419. DOI: 10.1016/j.crmicr.2024.100317.

Mannose and Lactobionic Acid in Nasal Vaccination: Enhancing Antigen Delivery via C-Type Lectin Receptors.

Colaco M, Cruz M, de Almeida L, Borges O Pharmaceutics. 2024; 16(10).

PMID: 39458637 PMC: 11510408. DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16101308.

Preclinical immunogenicity and safety of hemagglutinin-encoding modRNA influenza vaccines.

Hauguel T, Sharma A, Mastrocola E, Lowry S, Maddur M, Hu C NPJ Vaccines. 2024; 9(1):183.

PMID: 39375384 PMC: 11488230. DOI: 10.1038/s41541-024-00980-3.

Recent advances in the influenza virus vaccine landscape: a comprehensive overview of technologies and trials.

Clark T, Tregoning J, Lister H, Poletti T, Amin F, Nguyen-Van-Tam J Clin Microbiol Rev. 2024; 37(4):e0002524.

PMID: 39360831 PMC: 11629632. DOI: 10.1128/cmr.00025-24.

Systemic prime mucosal boost significantly increases protective efficacy of bivalent RSV influenza viral vectored vaccine.

Bissett C, Belij-Rammerstorfer S, Ulaszewska M, Smith H, Kailath R, Morris S NPJ Vaccines. 2024; 9(1):118.

PMID: 38926455 PMC: 11208422. DOI: 10.1038/s41541-024-00912-1.

References

Biron C, Nguyen K, Pien G, Cousens L, Salazar-Mather T . Natural killer cells in antiviral defense: function and regulation by innate cytokines. Annu Rev Immunol. 1999; 17:189-220. DOI: 10.1146/annurev.immunol.17.1.189. View

Nichol K, Mendelman P, Mallon K, Jackson L, Gorse G, Belshe R . Effectiveness of live, attenuated intranasal influenza virus vaccine in healthy, working adults: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA. 1999; 282(2):137-44. DOI: 10.1001/jama.282.2.137. View

Banchereau J, Briere F, Caux C, Davoust J, Lebecque S, Liu Y . Immunobiology of dendritic cells. Annu Rev Immunol. 2000; 18:767-811. DOI: 10.1146/annurev.immunol.18.1.767. View

Hurwitz E, Haber M, Chang A, Shope T, Teo S, Ginsberg M . Effectiveness of influenza vaccination of day care children in reducing influenza-related morbidity among household contacts. JAMA. 2000; 284(13):1677-82. DOI: 10.1001/jama.284.13.1677. View

Cooper M, Fehniger T, Turner S, Chen K, Ghaheri B, Ghayur T . Human natural killer cells: a unique innate immunoregulatory role for the CD56(bright) subset. Blood. 2001; 97(10):3146-51. DOI: 10.1182/blood.v97.10.3146. View

Belshe R, Gruber W . Safety, efficacy and effectiveness of cold-adapted, live, attenuated, trivalent, intranasal influenza vaccine in adults and children. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci. 2002; 356(1416):1947-51. PMC: 1088573. DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2001.0982. View

Piccioli D, Sbrana S, Melandri E, Valiante N . Contact-dependent stimulation and inhibition of dendritic cells by natural killer cells. J Exp Med. 2002; 195(3):335-41. PMC: 2193592. DOI: 10.1084/jem.20010934. View

Ferlazzo G, Tsang M, Moretta L, Melioli G, Steinman R, Munz C . Human dendritic cells activate resting natural killer (NK) cells and are recognized via the NKp30 receptor by activated NK cells. J Exp Med. 2002; 195(3):343-51. PMC: 2193591. DOI: 10.1084/jem.20011149. View

Zitvogel L . Dendritic and natural killer cells cooperate in the control/switch of innate immunity. J Exp Med. 2002; 195(3):F9-14. PMC: 2193597. DOI: 10.1084/jem.20012040. View

10.

Moretta A . Natural killer cells and dendritic cells: rendezvous in abused tissues. Nat Rev Immunol. 2002; 2(12):957-64. DOI: 10.1038/nri956. View

11.

Fehniger T, Cooper M, Nuovo G, Cella M, Facchetti F, Colonna M . CD56bright natural killer cells are present in human lymph nodes and are activated by T cell-derived IL-2: a potential new link between adaptive and innate immunity. Blood. 2002; 101(8):3052-7. DOI: 10.1182/blood-2002-09-2876. View

12.

Jin H, Lu B, Zhou H, Ma C, Zhao J, Yang C . Multiple amino acid residues confer temperature sensitivity to human influenza virus vaccine strains (FluMist) derived from cold-adapted A/Ann Arbor/6/60. Virology. 2003; 306(1):18-24. DOI: 10.1016/s0042-6822(02)00035-1. View

13.

He X, Mahmood K, Maecker H, Holmes T, Kemble G, Arvin A . Analysis of the frequencies and of the memory T cell phenotypes of human CD8+ T cells specific for influenza A viruses. J Infect Dis. 2003; 187(7):1075-84. DOI: 10.1086/368218. View

14.

Liu B, Mori I, Hossain M, Dong L, Takeda K, Kimura Y . Interleukin-18 improves the early defence system against influenza virus infection by augmenting natural killer cell-mediated cytotoxicity. J Gen Virol. 2004; 85(Pt 2):423-428. DOI: 10.1099/vir.0.19596-0. View

15.

Couch R . An overview of serum antibody responses to influenza virus antigens. Dev Biol (Basel). 2004; 115:25-30. View

16.

Belshe R, Nichol K, Black S, Shinefield H, Cordova J, Walker R . Safety, efficacy, and effectiveness of live, attenuated, cold-adapted influenza vaccine in an indicated population aged 5-49 years. Clin Infect Dis. 2004; 39(7):920-7. DOI: 10.1086/423001. View

17.

Mysliwska J, Trzonkowski P, Szmit E, Brydak L, Machala M, Mysliwski A . Immunomodulating effect of influenza vaccination in the elderly differing in health status. Exp Gerontol. 2004; 39(10):1447-58. DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2004.08.005. View

18.

Guthrie T, Hobbs C, Davenport V, Horton R, Heyderman R, Williams N . Parenteral influenza vaccination influences mucosal and systemic T cell-mediated immunity in healthy adults. J Infect Dis. 2004; 190(11):1927-35. DOI: 10.1086/425517. View

19.

He X, Draghi M, Mahmood K, Holmes T, Kemble G, Dekker C . T cell-dependent production of IFN-gamma by NK cells in response to influenza A virus. J Clin Invest. 2004; 114(12):1812-9. PMC: 535070. DOI: 10.1172/JCI22797. View

20.

Gerosa F, Gobbi A, Zorzi P, Burg S, Briere F, Carra G . The reciprocal interaction of NK cells with plasmacytoid or myeloid dendritic cells profoundly affects innate resistance functions. J Immunol. 2005; 174(2):727-34. DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.174.2.727. View