Calprotectin and Cross-linked N-terminal Telopeptides in Peri-implant and Gingival Crevicular Fluid

In a previous study on guided bone augmentation, a new collagen membrane was compared with an e-PTFE one on 28 partially edentulous patients who received 50 dental implants at stage 2 surgery. After implant integration and subsequent loading, we were able to recruit 22 patients with 22 implants and their contra-lateral corresponding teeth for longitudinal observation. Clinical parameters probing depth (PD), bleeding on probing (BoP), plaque index (PI), assessment of gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) and peri-implant crevicular fluid (PCF) volumes and periapical radiographs were performed at 2- and 3-year control appointments. Calprotectin (MRP 8/14) and cross-linked N-terminal telopeptide (NTx) levels in both crevicular fluids were determined by ELISA. PD was significantly reduced from years 2 to 3 appointments at implant sites as at teeth sites. At the 3-year appointment in both compartments, fluid volumes were significantly increased, which corresponded well with ascending NTx levels. The total amount of calprotectin decreased non-significantly in both GCF and PCF samples. Periapical radiographs revealed stable bone conditions around implants without significant changes from years 2 to 3 examinations. Clinical peri-implant parameters were considered as stable as the periodontal parameters of their corresponding teeth. A parallel increase in NTx levels in both GCF and PCF at 3-year appointment is not clearly understood; it may reflect an upregulation in the overall bone turnover rate.