Prediction of Blood Glucose Level of Type 1 Diabetics Using Response Surface Methodology and Data Mining

In order to improve the accuracy of predicting blood glucose levels, it is necessary to obtain details about the lifestyle and to optimize the input variables dependent on diabetics. In this study, using four subjects who are type 1 diabetics, the fasting blood glucose level (FBG), metabolic rate, food intake, and physical condition are recorded for more than 5 months as a preliminary study. Then, using data mining, an estimation model of FBG is obtained, and subsequently, the trend in fluctuations in the next morning's glucose level is predicted. The subject's physical condition is self-assessed on a scale from positive (1) to negative (5), and the values are set as the physical condition variable. By adding the physical condition variable to the input variables for the data mining, the accuracy of the FBG prediction is improved. In order to determine more appropriate input variables from the biological information reflecting on the subject's glucose metabolism, response surface methodology (RSM) is employed. As a result, using the variables exhibiting positive correlations with the FBG in the RSM, the accuracy of the FBG prediction improved. Conditions could be found such that the accuracy of the predicting trends in fluctuations in blood glucose level reached around 80%. The prediction method of the trend in fluctuations in the next morning's glucose levels might be useful to improve the quality of life of type 1 diabetics through insulin treatment, and to prevent hypoglycemia.