Selective Amplitude Reduction of the PhNR After Macular Hole Surgery: Ganglion Cell Damage Related to ICG-assisted ILM Peeling and Gas Tamponade

Purpose: The photopic negative response (PhNR) is a negative component of the photopic electroretinogram (ERG) that is observed after the b-wave and is thought to originate mainly from the activity of ganglion cells and their axons. The purpose of this study was to determine whether there are subclinical functional changes in the inner retina after macular hole surgery, by recording the PhNR before and after surgery.

Methods: In addition to the routine ophthalmic examinations, photopic ERGs were recorded in 16 eyes with an idiopathic macular hole, before and 3 months after surgery. Photopic ERGs were elicited by white Ganzfeld flashes on a rod-suppressing blue background. The amplitude of the PhNR and the a- and b-waves of the photopic ERGs before and after surgery were compared. PhNRs were also recorded in 14 eyes with epiretinal membrane, before and after surgery.

Results: Macular holes were closed and visual acuities were improved without any serious complications in all eyes with a macular hole. The amplitude of the PhNR was significantly reduced after surgery (P < 0.05), whereas the amplitude of the photopic a- and b-waves were not significantly altered. For eyes with an epiretinal membrane, the mean amplitude of the PhNR was slightly decreased after the surgery, but the degree of reduction was only one half of that after macular hole surgery.

Conclusions: These results suggest that there are some functional impairments in the inner retina after macular hole surgery, even though the patients did not show any reduction on subjective visual tests. The PhNR can be a useful clinical test to assess the inner retinal function objectively, before and after vitreoretinal surgery.