Pituitary Gland: Development, Normal Appearances, and Magnetic Resonance Imaging Protocols

In this article, I will review the normal anatomy of the pituitary gland starting with a brief review of aspects of its origin and development that are pertinent to radiologists. The anatomy of the anterior and posterior lobes will be addressed as will be that of the surrounding structures and of the vascular structures of the gland. Radiologists need to be familiar with the normal magnetic resonance imaging appearance of the gland and the changes that it undergoes throughout life. The normal patterns of contrast enhancement by the gland are described. Normal pituitary variations and incidental conditions are discussed, and the article finishes by describing appropriate imaging protocols.