Spontaneous Hormonal Variations in Male Cats Following Gonadectomy

Overview

Journal J Feline Med Surg

Specialty Veterinary Medicine

Date 2006 May 23

PMID 16713320

Citations 10

Authors

Lucile J M Martin

Brigitte Siliart

Henri J W Dumon

Patrick Nguyen

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

The increased prevalence of obesity after neutering in cats is problematic in veterinary practice. Although many factors seem to be involved, the role of prolactin (PRL) and insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I), both implicated in adipose tissue development and glucose intolerance, should be considered. Seven male cats were castrated when 11 months old. Body weight was then recorded for 56 weeks and PRL, IGF-I and leptin assayed for 44 weeks. Body weight increased steadily but only significantly after 36 weeks. It stabilised after 44 weeks, and the cats then gained about 20% of their initial body weight. IGF-I increased rapidly and was significantly higher by week 3. PRL and leptin increased with initial peaks during the eighth and eleventh weeks, respectively. This study confirms that castration rapidly modifies the hormonal balance, partly explaining the body weight increase, and that hormonal changes precede this body weight increase. Hyperleptinaemia is apparently a consequence of excess weight.

Citing Articles

Adipocyte-Derived Adipokines and Other Obesity-Associated Molecules in Feline Mammary Cancer.

Marshall T, Chen J, Viloria-Petit A Biomedicines. 2023; 11(8).

PMID: 37626804 PMC: 10452835. DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11082309.

PANCOSMA COMPARATIVE GUT PHYSIOLOGY SYMPOSIUM: ALL ABOUT APPETITE REGULATION: Effects of diet and gonadal steroids on appetite regulation and food intake of companion animals.

de Godoy M J Anim Sci. 2018; 96(8):3526-3536.

PMID: 29982536 PMC: 6095297. DOI: 10.1093/jas/sky146.

Risk of obesity in the neutered cat.

Larsen J J Feline Med Surg. 2016; 19(8):779-783.

PMID: 27432438 PMC: 11104111. DOI: 10.1177/1098612X16660605.

Effect of short-term probiotic Enterococcus faecium SF68 dietary supplementation in overweight and obese cats without comorbidities.

Kathrani A, Larsen J, Kass P, Fascetti A Vet Rec Open. 2016; 3(1):e000164.

PMID: 27110373 PMC: 4838762. DOI: 10.1136/vetreco-2015-000164.

Post-castration variations in weight gain in a cohort of young adult male cats.

Wei A, Fascetti A, Kim K, Ramsey J J Nutr Sci. 2015; 3:e37.

PMID: 26101606 PMC: 4473175. DOI: 10.1017/jns.2014.37.

References

Kanchuk M, Backus R, Calvert C, Morris J, Rogers Q . Weight gain in gonadectomized normal and lipoprotein lipase-deficient male domestic cats results from increased food intake and not decreased energy expenditure. J Nutr. 2003; 133(6):1866-74. DOI: 10.1093/jn/133.6.1866. View

Louveau I, Gondret F . Regulation of development and metabolism of adipose tissue by growth hormone and the insulin-like growth factor system. Domest Anim Endocrinol. 2004; 27(3):241-55. DOI: 10.1016/j.domaniend.2004.06.004. View

Brar A, McNeilly A, Fink G . Effects of hyperprolactinaemia and testosterone on the release of LH-releasing hormone and the gonadotrophins in intact and castrated rats. J Endocrinol. 1985; 104(1):35-43. DOI: 10.1677/joe.0.1040035. View

Nguyen P, Dumon H, Siliart B, Martin L, Sergheraert R, Biourge V . Effects of dietary fat and energy on body weight and composition after gonadectomy in cats. Am J Vet Res. 2005; 65(12):1708-13. DOI: 10.2460/ajvr.2004.65.1708. View

Kopelman P . Physiopathology of prolactin secretion in obesity. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord. 2000; 24 Suppl 2:S104-8. DOI: 10.1038/sj.ijo.0801291. View

Flint D, Binart N, Kopchick J, Kelly P . Effects of growth hormone and prolactin on adipose tissue development and function. Pituitary. 2004; 6(2):97-102. DOI: 10.1023/b:pitu.0000004800.57449.67. View

Chandrashekar V, Bartke A . The role of insulin-like growth factor-I in neuroendocrine function and the consequent effects on sexual maturation: inferences from animal models. Reprod Biol. 2003; 3(1):7-28. View

Casanueva F, Dieguez C . Neuroendocrine regulation and actions of leptin. Front Neuroendocrinol. 1999; 20(4):317-63. DOI: 10.1006/frne.1999.0187. View

Bakker J, Baum M . Effect of gonadal steroids on pituitary LH secretion and mediobasal hypothalamic GnRH mRNA in ferrets. J Reprod Fertil. 2000; 119(2):315-21. DOI: 10.1530/jrf.0.1190315. View

10.

Sisk C, Desjardins C . Pulsatile release of luteinizing hormone and testosterone in male ferrets. Endocrinology. 1986; 119(3):1195-203. DOI: 10.1210/endo-119-3-1195. View

11.

Balcombe J, Barnard N, Sandusky C . Laboratory routines cause animal stress. Contemp Top Lab Anim Sci. 2005; 43(6):42-51. View

12.

Warren W, Bentle K, Bogosian G . Cloning of the cDNAs coding for cat growth hormone and prolactin. Gene. 1996; 168(2):247-9. DOI: 10.1016/0378-1119(95)00726-1. View

13.

Starkey S, Tan K, Church D . Investigation of serum IGF-I levels amongst diabetic and non-diabetic cats. J Feline Med Surg. 2004; 6(3):149-55. PMC: 10822344. DOI: 10.1016/j.jfms.2004.01.002. View

14.

Tarttelin M, Hendriks W, Moughan P . Relationship between plasma testosterone and urinary felinine in the growing kitten. Physiol Behav. 1998; 65(1):83-7. DOI: 10.1016/s0031-9384(98)00132-2. View

15.

Appleton D, Rand J, Sunvold G . Plasma leptin concentrations are independently associated with insulin sensitivity in lean and overweight cats. J Feline Med Surg. 2002; 4(2):83-93. PMC: 10822654. DOI: 10.1053/jfms.2002.0166. View

16.

Fettman M, Stanton C, BANKS L, Hamar D, Johnson D, Hegstad R . Effects of neutering on bodyweight, metabolic rate and glucose tolerance of domestic cats. Res Vet Sci. 1997; 62(2):131-6. DOI: 10.1016/s0034-5288(97)90134-x. View

17.

Allan F, Pfeiffer D, Jones B, Esslemont D, Wiseman M . A cross-sectional study of risk factors for obesity in cats in New Zealand. Prev Vet Med. 2000; 46(3):183-96. DOI: 10.1016/s0167-5877(00)00147-1. View

18.

Reis F, Reis A, Coimbra C . Effects of hyperprolactinaemia on glucose tolerance and insulin release in male and female rats. J Endocrinol. 1997; 153(3):423-8. DOI: 10.1677/joe.0.1530423. View

19.

Fruchtman S, McVey D, Borski R . Characterization of pituitary IGF-I receptors: modulation of prolactin and growth hormone. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol. 2002; 283(2):R468-76. DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00511.2001. View

20.

Hair W, Gubbay O, Jabbour H, Lincoln G . Prolactin receptor expression in human testis and accessory tissues: localization and function. Mol Hum Reprod. 2002; 8(7):606-11. DOI: 10.1093/molehr/8.7.606. View