Influence of Peripheral Chemodenervation on the Complexity of Respiratory Patterns During Early Maturation

Overview

Journal Med Biol Eng Comput

Publisher Springer

Specialties Biomedical Engineering
Medical Informatics

Date 2006 Apr 6

PMID 16594308

Citations 1

Authors

M Akay

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Previous studies in humans have revealed that, during development, the fetus/neonate may be susceptible to environmental perturbations such as overheating, smoking, hypercapnia and hypoxia (LEWIS and BOSQUE, 1995; MASKERY, 1995). In particular, alterations in behavioural states during early development can result in permanent alterations in their organisational states and subsequent abnormalities in the regulation of the cardiovascular and respiratory systems. The influence of the peripheral chemoreceptor afferent input on the approximate entropy (complexity) of the phrenic neurogram in the piglet was investigated in three different age groups: 3-7 days (n = 7), 10-16 days (n = 6) and 25-31 days (n = 4). The phrenic neurogram was recorded from piglets during control (40% O2) and severe hypoxia (gasping) (5-10% O2), before and after peripheral chemodenervation, and was analysed using the approximate entropy (ApEn) method. The results show that the complexity values of the phrenic neurogram during eupnea and gasping did not change significantly before and after chemodenervation, regardless of postnatal age. The complexity values during gasping were not significantly influenced by the carotid chemodenervation for the 3-7 day-old group, but they were significantly decreased by the carotid chemodenervation for the 10-16 day-old age group (p < 0.01) and the 25-31 day-old age group (p < 0.05). However, the complexity values significantly decreased when the O2 concentration was shifted from eupnea to gasping (p < 0.001), both before and after the chemodenervation (p < 0.001), regardless of the postnatal age. These results suggest that the peripheral chemodenervation reduces the complexity of the phrenic neurograms during gasping only for the 10-16 day-old and 25-31 day-old age groups, and it has no significant influence on the 3-7 day-old age group. Therefore it is speculated that the peripheral chemoreceptors may be inactive for the first seven days of postnatal life and become more active after seven days.

Citing Articles

Fluctuation analysis of respiratory impedance waveform in asthmatic patients: effect of airway obstruction.

Veiga J, Lopes A, Jansen J, Melo P Med Biol Eng Comput. 2012; 50(12):1249-59.

PMID: 23011080 DOI: 10.1007/s11517-012-0957-x.

References

Hertzberg T, Fan G, FINLEY J, Erickson J, Katz D . BDNF supports mammalian chemoafferent neurons in vitro and following peripheral target removal in vivo. Dev Biol. 1994; 166(2):801-11. DOI: 10.1006/dbio.1994.1358. View

Erickson J, Mayer C, Jawa A, Ling L, Olson Jr E, Vidruk E . Chemoafferent degeneration and carotid body hypoplasia following chronic hyperoxia in newborn rats. J Physiol. 1998; 509 ( Pt 2):519-26. PMC: 2230960. DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-7793.1998.519bn.x. View

Maskrey M . Influence of body temperature on responses to hypoxia and hypercapnia: implications for SIDS. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol. 1995; 22(8):527-32. DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1681.1995.tb02061.x. View

Akay M, Melton J, Welkowitz W, Edelman N, Neubauer J . Autoregressive spectral analysis of phrenic neurogram during eupnea and gasping. J Appl Physiol (1985). 1996; 81(2):530-40; discussion 528-9. DOI: 10.1152/jappl.1996.81.2.530. View

Alm B, Milerad J, Wennergren G, Skjaerven R, Oyen N, Norvenius G . A case-control study of smoking and sudden infant death syndrome in the Scandinavian countries, 1992 to 1995. The Nordic Epidemiological SIDS Study. Arch Dis Child. 1998; 78(4):329-34. PMC: 1717534. DOI: 10.1136/adc.78.4.329. View

Gonzalez C, Almaraz L, Obeso A, Rigual R . Carotid body chemoreceptors: from natural stimuli to sensory discharges. Physiol Rev. 1994; 74(4):829-98. DOI: 10.1152/physrev.1994.74.4.829. View

Lewis K, Bosque E . Deficient hypoxia awakening response in infants of smoking mothers: possible relationship to sudden infant death syndrome. J Pediatr. 1995; 127(5):691-9. DOI: 10.1016/s0022-3476(95)70155-9. View

Bamford O, Sterni L, Wasicko M, Montrose M, Carroll J . Postnatal maturation of carotid body and type I cell chemoreception in the rat. Am J Physiol. 1999; 276(5):L875-84. DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.1999.276.5.L875. View

Marshall J . Analysis of cardiovascular responses evoked following changes in peripheral chemoreceptor activity in the rat. J Physiol. 1987; 394:393-414. PMC: 1191968. DOI: 10.1113/jphysiol.1987.sp016877. View

10.

Hanson M, Kumar P, Williams B . The effect of chronic hypoxia upon the development of respiratory chemoreflexes in the newborn kitten. J Physiol. 1989; 411:563-74. PMC: 1190541. DOI: 10.1113/jphysiol.1989.sp017590. View

11.

Zhou D, Wasicko M, Hu J, St John W . Differing activities of medullary respiratory neurons in eupnea and gasping. J Appl Physiol (1985). 1991; 70(3):1265-70. DOI: 10.1152/jappl.1991.70.3.1265. View

12.

Whipp B, Ward S . Physiologic changes following bilateral carotid-body resection in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Chest. 1992; 101(3):656-61. DOI: 10.1378/chest.101.3.656. View

13.

Hilaire G, Gauthier P, Monteau R . Central respiratory drive and recruitment order of phrenic and inspiratory laryngeal motoneurones. Respir Physiol. 1983; 51(3):341-59. DOI: 10.1016/0034-5687(83)90028-2. View

14.

Wangsnes K, Koos B . Maturation of respiratory responses to graded hypoxia in rabbits. Biol Neonate. 1991; 59(4):219-25. DOI: 10.1159/000243347. View

15.

Akay M, Lipping T, Moodie K, Hoopes P . Effects of hypoxia on the complexity of respiratory patterns during maturation. Early Hum Dev. 2002; 70(1-2):55-71. DOI: 10.1016/s0378-3782(02)00074-9. View

16.

Cote A, Porras H, Meehan B . Age-dependent vulnerability to carotid chemodenervation in piglets. J Appl Physiol (1985). 1996; 80(1):323-31. DOI: 10.1152/jappl.1996.80.1.323. View

17.

Fleming P, Blair P, Bacon C, Bensley D, Smith I, Taylor E . Environment of infants during sleep and risk of the sudden infant death syndrome: results of 1993-5 case-control study for confidential inquiry into stillbirths and deaths in infancy. Confidential Enquiry into Stillbirths and Deaths Regional.... BMJ. 1996; 313(7051):191-5. PMC: 2351639. DOI: 10.1136/bmj.313.7051.191. View

18.

Bolle T, LAUWERYNS J, Lommel A . Postnatal maturation of neuroepithelial bodies and carotid body innervation: a quantitative investigation in the rabbit. J Neurocytol. 2001; 29(4):241-8. DOI: 10.1023/a:1026567603514. View

19.

. Changing concepts of sudden infant death syndrome: implications for infant sleeping environment and sleep position. American Academy of Pediatrics. Task Force on Infant Sleep Position and Sudden Infant Death Syndrome. Pediatrics. 2000; 105(3 Pt 1):650-6. DOI: 10.1542/peds.105.3.650. View

20.

Sterni L, Bamford O, Wasicko M, Carroll J . Chronic hypoxia abolished the postnatal increase in carotid body type I cell sensitivity to hypoxia. Am J Physiol. 1999; 277(3):L645-52. DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.1999.277.3.L645. View