Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Children and Adolescents

Overview

Journal J Endocrinol Invest

Publisher Springer

Specialty Endocrinology

Date 2005 Dec 24

PMID 16370570

Citations 21

Authors

M Marcovecchio

A Mohn

F Chiarelli

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Over the last decade, there has been an alarming increase of Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in youths, concomitant with the rise of obesity in this age group. T2DM is a progressive disease with a gradual increase in insulin resistance associated later with a decline in insulin secretion with fasting hyperglycemia. Prevalence of T2DM in children is mostly linked to some risk factors: obesity and sedentary lifestyle, puberty, membership of ethnic minorities, features of insulin resistance, family history of T2DM, female gender and perinatal factors. Prevention is essential and can be considered a public health approach directed to the general population. Treatment of T2DM in youth is complex and based on different strategies: diet, exercise and pharmacotherapy. An appropriated intervention program must be started early, in order to prevent or retard the progression of the disease and associated comorbidities.

Citing Articles

Facile synthesis and studies of benzothiazole-linked hydroxypyrazolones targeting -amylase and -glucosidase.

Punia R, Mor S, Khatri M, Kumar D, Das P, Jindal D Future Med Chem. 2024; 16(10):999-1027.

PMID: 38910576 PMC: 11221549. DOI: 10.4155/fmc-2023-0384.

Molecular Modeling and Synthesis of Indoline-2,3-dione-Based Benzene Sulfonamide Derivatives and Their Inhibitory Activity against α-Glucosidase and α-Amylase Enzymes.

Rasheed L, Rehman W, Rahim F, Ali Z, Alanazi A, Hussain R ACS Omega. 2023; 8(17):15660-15672.

PMID: 37151487 PMC: 10157847. DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c01130.

Bioactivity Guided Study for the Isolation and Identification of Antidiabetic Compounds from Edible Seaweed-.

Unnikrishnan P, Animish A, Madhumitha G, Suthindhiran K, Jayasri M Molecules. 2022; 27(24).

PMID: 36557959 PMC: 9783910. DOI: 10.3390/molecules27248827.

Benzodioxole grafted spirooxindole pyrrolidinyl derivatives: synthesis, characterization, molecular docking and anti-diabetic activity.

Nivetha N, Martiz R, Patil S, Ramu R, Sreenivasa S, Velmathi S RSC Adv. 2022; 12(37):24192-24207.

PMID: 36128541 PMC: 9404121. DOI: 10.1039/d2ra04452h.

Retrospection of Analytical Data Collected through Smart Devices for Diseases and Disability Caused by Physical Inactivity.

Wang X J Healthc Eng. 2021; 2021:4731281.

PMID: 34804451 PMC: 8601795. DOI: 10.1155/2021/4731281.

References

Cook V, Hurley J . Prevention of type 2 diabetes in childhood. Clin Pediatr (Phila). 1998; 37(2):123-9. DOI: 10.1177/000992289803700210. View

Ritchie L, Ganapathy S, Woodward-Lopez G, Gerstein D, Fleming S . Prevention of type 2 diabetes in youth: etiology, promising interventions and recommendations. Pediatr Diabetes. 2004; 4(4):174-209. DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-543X.2003.00030.x. View

Liu L, Hironaka K, Pihoker C . Type 2 diabetes in youth. Curr Probl Pediatr Adolesc Health Care. 2004; 34(7):254-72. DOI: 10.1016/j.cppeds.2004.05.001. View

Franz M, Bantle J, Beebe C, Brunzell J, Chiasson J, Garg A . Evidence-based nutrition principles and recommendations for the treatment and prevention of diabetes and related complications. Diabetes Care. 2002; 26 Suppl 1:S51-61. DOI: 10.2337/diacare.26.2007.s51. View

Amos A, McCarty D, Zimmet P . The rising global burden of diabetes and its complications: estimates and projections to the year 2010. Diabet Med. 1997; 14 Suppl 5:S1-85. View

Dabelea D, Hanson R, BENNETT P, Roumain J, Knowler W, Pettitt D . Increasing prevalence of Type II diabetes in American Indian children. Diabetologia. 1998; 41(8):904-10. DOI: 10.1007/s001250051006. View

Danadian K, Balasekaran G, Lewy V, Meza M, Robertson R, Arslanian S . Insulin sensitivity in African-American children with and without family history of type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care. 1999; 22(8):1325-9. DOI: 10.2337/diacare.22.8.1325. View

Smith C, Williams A, Thomas J, Archibald H, Algar V, Bottazzo G . The pattern of basal and stimulated insulin responses to intravenous glucose in first degree relatives of type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetic children and unrelated adults aged 5 to 50 years. Diabetologia. 1988; 31(7):430-4. DOI: 10.1007/BF00271587. View

Arslanian S, Suprasongsin C . Insulin sensitivity, lipids, and body composition in childhood: is "syndrome X" present?. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1996; 81(3):1058-62. DOI: 10.1210/jcem.81.3.8772576. View

10.

Rocchini A . Childhood obesity and a diabetes epidemic. N Engl J Med. 2002; 346(11):854-5. DOI: 10.1056/NEJM200203143461112. View

11.

Fagot-Campagna A, Pettitt D, Engelgau M, Burrows N, Geiss L, Valdez R . Type 2 diabetes among North American children and adolescents: an epidemiologic review and a public health perspective. J Pediatr. 2000; 136(5):664-72. DOI: 10.1067/mpd.2000.105141. View

12.

Smith C, Dunger D, Williams A, Taylor A, Perry L, Gale E . Relationship between insulin, insulin-like growth factor I, and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate concentrations during childhood, puberty, and adult life. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1989; 68(5):932-7. DOI: 10.1210/jcem-68-5-932. View

13.

Palmert M, Gordon C, Kartashov A, Legro R, Emans S, Dunaif A . Screening for abnormal glucose tolerance in adolescents with polycystic ovary syndrome. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2002; 87(3):1017-23. DOI: 10.1210/jcem.87.3.8305. View

14.

Dabelea D, Pettitt D, Hanson R, Imperatore G, BENNETT P, Knowler W . Birth weight, type 2 diabetes, and insulin resistance in Pima Indian children and young adults. Diabetes Care. 1999; 22(6):944-50. DOI: 10.2337/diacare.22.6.944. View

15.

Alberti G, Zimmet P, Shaw J, Bloomgarden Z, Kaufman F, Silink M . Type 2 diabetes in the young: the evolving epidemic: the international diabetes federation consensus workshop. Diabetes Care. 2004; 27(7):1798-811. DOI: 10.2337/diacare.27.7.1798. View

16.

Caprio S, Bronson M, Sherwin R, Rife F, Tamborlane W . Co-existence of severe insulin resistance and hyperinsulinaemia in pre-adolescent obese children. Diabetologia. 1996; 39(12):1489-97. DOI: 10.1007/s001250050603. View

17.

McIntyre E, Walker M . Genetics of type 2 diabetes and insulin resistance: knowledge from human studies. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 2002; 57(3):303-11. DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2265.2002.01610.x. View

18.

Salmeron J, Hu F, Manson J, Stampfer M, Colditz G, Rimm E . Dietary fat intake and risk of type 2 diabetes in women. Am J Clin Nutr. 2001; 73(6):1019-26. DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/73.6.1019. View

19.

Dabelea D, Knowler W, Pettitt D . Effect of diabetes in pregnancy on offspring: follow-up research in the Pima Indians. J Matern Fetal Med. 2000; 9(1):83-8. DOI: 10.1002/(SICI)1520-6661(200001/02)9:1<83::AID-MFM17>3.0.CO;2-O. View

20.

. Type 2 diabetes in children and adolescents. American Diabetes Association. Diabetes Care. 2000; 23(3):381-9. DOI: 10.2337/diacare.23.3.381. View