West Nile Virus--an Old Virus Learning New Tricks?

Overview

Journal J Neurovirol

Publisher Springer

Specialties Microbiology
Neurology

Date 2005 Nov 17

PMID 16287688

Citations 6

Authors

Thomas Briese

Kristen A Bernard

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

West Nile virus (WNV) has spread across the United States causing annual outbreaks since its emergence in 1999. Although severe disease develops only in about 1% of infections, WNV has claimed a total of 564 lives in the 5 years from 1999 to 2003. Observation of flaccid paralysis due to WNV infection at a higher incidence than previously documented and the devastating mortality recorded in infected American bird species triggered concerns about a potentially enhanced virulence of this virus. Here we summarize recent observations made during the American outbreaks regarding host range and transmission modes of WNV, and discuss epidemiological aspects of the emergence of this pathogen in the new habitat.

Citing Articles

One-step pentaplex real-time polymerase chain reaction assay for detection of zika, dengue, chikungunya, West nile viruses and a human housekeeping gene.

Mishra N, Ng J, Rakeman J, Perry M, Centurioni D, Dean A J Clin Virol. 2019; 120:44-50.

PMID: 31557664 PMC: 7032662. DOI: 10.1016/j.jcv.2019.08.011.

West Nile virus vector competency of Culex quinquefasciatus mosquitoes in the Galapagos Islands.

Eastwood G, Kramer L, Goodman S, Cunningham A Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2011; 85(3):426-33.

PMID: 21896799 PMC: 3163861. DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.2011.10-0739.

Cluster analysis for identifying sub-groups and selecting potential discriminatory variables in human encephalitis.

Hamid J, Meaney C, Crowcroft N, Granerod J, Beyene J BMC Infect Dis. 2011; 10:364.

PMID: 21192831 PMC: 3022837. DOI: 10.1186/1471-2334-10-364.

Viral pathogenesis in mice is similar for West Nile virus derived from mosquito and mammalian cells.

Lim P, Louie K, Styer L, Shi P, Bernard K Virology. 2010; 400(1):93-103.

PMID: 20167345 PMC: 2835801. DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2010.01.029.

Protonation of individual histidine residues is not required for the pH-dependent entry of west nile virus: evaluation of the "histidine switch" hypothesis.

Nelson S, Poddar S, Lin T, Pierson T J Virol. 2009; 83(23):12631-5.

PMID: 19776132 PMC: 2786769. DOI: 10.1128/JVI.01072-09.

References

. Update: Surveillance for West Nile virus in overwintering mosquitoes--New York, 2000. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2002; 49(9):178-9. View

Komar N, Langevin S, Hinten S, Nemeth N, Edwards E, Hettler D . Experimental infection of North American birds with the New York 1999 strain of West Nile virus. Emerg Infect Dis. 2003; 9(3):311-22. PMC: 2958552. DOI: 10.3201/eid0903.020628. View

Swayne D, Beck J, Smith C, Shieh W, Zaki S . Fatal encephalitis and myocarditis in young domestic geese (Anser anser domesticus) caused by West Nile virus. Emerg Infect Dis. 2001; 7(4):751-3. PMC: 2631765. DOI: 10.3201/eid0704.010429. View

Burt F, Grobbelaar A, Leman P, Anthony F, Gibson G, Swanepoel R . Phylogenetic relationships of southern African West Nile virus isolates. Emerg Infect Dis. 2002; 8(8):820-6. PMC: 2732512. DOI: 10.3201/eid0808.020027. View

Lvov D, Timopheeva A, Smirnov V, Gromashevsky V, SIDOROVA G, NIKIFOROV L . Ecology of tick-borne viruses in colonies of birds in the USSR. Med Biol. 1975; 53(5):325-30. View

Dupuis 2nd A, Marra P, Kramer L . Serologic evidence of West Nile virus transmission, Jamaica, West Indies. Emerg Infect Dis. 2003; 9(7):860-3. PMC: 3023422. DOI: 10.3201/eid0907.030249. View

. Provisional surveillance summary of the West Nile virus epidemic--United States, January-November 2002. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2003; 51(50):1129-33. View

Lvov D, Dzharkenov A, Lvov D, Aristova V, Kovtunov A, Gromashevskii V . [Isolation of the West Nile fever virus from the great cormorant Phalacrocorax carbo, the crow Corvus corone, and Hyalomma marginatum ticks associated with them in natural and synanthroic biocenosis in the Volga delta (Astrakhan region, 2001)]. Vopr Virusol. 2003; 47(5):7-12. View

Ebel G, Dupuis 2nd A, Ngo K, Nicholas D, KAUFFMAN E, Jones S . Partial genetic characterization of West Nile virus strains, New York State, 2000. Emerg Infect Dis. 2001; 7(4):650-3. PMC: 2631742. DOI: 10.3201/eid0704.010408. View

10.

Schmidt J, SAID M . ISOLATION OF WEST NILE VIRUS FROM THE AFRICAN BIRD ARGASID, ARGAS REFLEXUS HERMANNI, IN EGYPT. J Med Entomol. 1964; 1:83-6. DOI: 10.1093/jmedent/1.1.83. View

11.

Ebel G, Carricaburu J, Young D, Bernard K, Kramer L . Genetic and phenotypic variation of West Nile virus in New York, 2000-2003. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2004; 71(4):493-500. View

12.

. West Nile virus infection among turkey breeder farm workers--Wisconsin, 2002. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2003; 52(42):1017-9. View

13.

Kulasekera V, Kramer L, Nasci R, Mostashari F, Cherry B, Trock S . West Nile virus infection in mosquitoes, birds, horses, and humans, Staten Island, New York, 2000. Emerg Infect Dis. 2001; 7(4):722-5. PMC: 2631749. DOI: 10.3201/eid0704.010421. View

14.

Hubalek Z, Halouzka J . West Nile fever--a reemerging mosquito-borne viral disease in Europe. Emerg Infect Dis. 1999; 5(5):643-50. PMC: 2627720. DOI: 10.3201/eid0505.990505. View

15.

Asnis D, Conetta R, Teixeira A, Waldman G, Sampson B . The West Nile Virus outbreak of 1999 in New York: the Flushing Hospital experience. Clin Infect Dis. 2000; 30(3):413-8. DOI: 10.1086/313737. View

16.

McLean R, Ubico S, Docherty D, Hansen W, Sileo L, McNamara T . West Nile virus transmission and ecology in birds. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2002; 951:54-7. DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2001.tb02684.x. View

17.

Scherret J, Poidinger M, MacKenzie J, Broom A, Deubel V, Lipkin W . The relationships between West Nile and Kunjin viruses. Emerg Infect Dis. 2001; 7(4):697-705. PMC: 2631745. DOI: 10.3201/eid0704.010418. View

18.

. From the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Possible West Nile virus transmission to an infant through breast-feeding--Michigan, 2002. JAMA. 2002; 288(16):1976-7. View

19.

Baden L, Rubin R . The sentinel chicken revisited: the impact of West Nile virus infection on transplant patients. Transplantation. 2004; 77(3):356-7. DOI: 10.1097/01.tp.0000101436.76588.d4. View

20.

. Detection of West Nile virus in blood donations--United States, 2003. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2003; 52(32):769-72. View