Correlation of Left Atrial Size with P-wave Duration in Interatrial Block

Background: Interatrial block (IAB) [P-wave duration > or = 110 ms] is associated with left atrial (LA) enlargement (LAE) and pathophysiologic derangements that result in atrial tachyarrhythmias, LA electromechanical dysfunction, and embolism. However, there has been no study addressing the direct correlation of P-wave duration in IAB and LAE.

Methods: One hundred eighty-one consecutive patients who were admitted to a tertiary care teaching hospital over 5 consecutive days were screened for past transthoracic echocardiogram evaluations and were then matched with ECGs done within 10 days of these echocardiographic investigations. ECGs were evaluated for presence of IAB, and patients were subsequently classified into two groups: control patients and patients with IAB. Patients were also matched for common comorbidities. Mean, SD of age, Pearson correlation coefficient (r), p values, and multivariate and linear regression analyses were analyzed for the investigated variables of LA size, left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH), posterior wall thickness, septal thickness, and P-wave duration.

Results: From the sample (n = 66; mean age +/- SD, 71.3 +/- 13.7; female gender, 48.5%), the mean LA size in the control group was 36.7 +/- 4.01 mm and for the group of patients with IAB (n = 38) was 42.2 +/- 7.25 mm (p = 0.004). Linear regression analysis revealed that P-wave duration was significantly correlated with LA size (p = 0.0002, r = 0.606).

Conclusions: Degree of conduction delay in IAB (P-wave duration) is an independent, direct correlate of LAE, and the regression equation (LA size [in millimeters] = 2.47 +/- 0.29 x P-wave duration [in milliseconds]) could be used to estimate LAE.