Procedures for the Analysis of Differential Item Functioning (DIF) for Small Sample Sizes

Overview

Journal Eval Health Prof

Publisher Sage Publications

Specialty Health Services

Date 2005 Aug 27

PMID 16123258

Citations 27

Authors

Jin-Shei Lai

Jeanne Teresi

Richard Gershon

Affiliations

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Abstract

An item with differential item functioning (DIF) displays different statistical properties, conditional on a matching variable. The presence of DIF in measures can invalidate the conclusions of medical outcome studies. Numerous approaches have been developed to examine DIF in many areas, including education and health-related quality of life. There is little consensus in the research community regarding selection of one best method, and most methods require large sample sizes. This article describes some approaches to examine DIF with small samples (e.g., less than 200).

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