Medical Vs. Surgical Evacuation of First-trimester Spontaneous Abortion

Objective: To determine whether management of incomplete first-trimester abortion with vaginal misoprostol in an under-resourced setting is a viable treatment option.

Methods: A total of 94 women were randomized to 600 microg of misoprostol intravaginally or to surgical curettage. The women receiving misoprostol were administered a second dose if the abortion was incomplete; and if still not complete after a week, evacuation of retained products of conception was performed. All women had a follow-up visit 2 weeks following complete abortion.

Results: The overall success rate of medical management was 91.5%, with 15 of 47 successful cases after 1 dose of misoprostol; 8.5% of the 47 women required evacuation of retained products of conception after 1 week because of treatment failure. The success rate in the surgical arm was 100%. Patients in the medical arm had a longer duration of bleeding and a greater need for analgesia. There were no differences in hemoglobin levels, white blood cell count, adverse effects, pain score, and satisfaction with treatment at the follow-up visit. However, more women who received the medical treatment would recommend it or choose it in the future.

Conclusion: Medical management using 600 microg of misoprostol in 2 doses is effective to treat incomplete first-trimester abortions in an under-resourced setting when there is no evidence of uterine sepsis.